Characteristic of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients at the Polyclinic of Oncology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya in 2017

Abstract

Background: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm because of the reciprocal translocation of chromosome 22 to chromosome 9. In the United States, the incidence of CML is 1.9 cases per 100,000 people. Whereas in Indonesia, there is no specific national data on CML prevalence, especially regarding the clinical picture even though cancer cases reach 1.4 per 1,000 population. Objective: Evaluate the characteristics and clinical features of CML patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with data on the medical records of CML patients in the 2017 period at the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The sample in this study was CML patients with positive Breakpoint Clusters Region-Abelson (BCR-ABL), having a minimum age of 18 years and equipped with epidemiological data, complete blood count data, and peripheral blood smear data. Result: Thirty-three patients met the study criteria. The sample was predominantly male, with a ratio of 1.06 : 1 to female patients with a median age of 40 years. Splenomegaly was found in 87.9% of patients. The average results of leukocyte, platelet, and hemoglobin counts were 254.58 x 103 / μL, 557 x 103 / μL, and 9.55 g / dL. From the results of peripheral blood smear obtained normochromic normocytic anisopoikilocytosis erythrocyte (57.6%), all patients had an image of increased leukocytes with blast presence in 97% of patients, and 51.5% had the image of an increase in platelets and the discovery of giant platelets in 33.3% of patients. Conclusion: The sample is predominantly male with the highest incidence at a younger age range of 21-30 years; The clinical characteristics of high leukocytosis with various stage of maturation and a tendency to develop grade 2 normocytic normochromic anemia and thrombocytosis was found in the patients.