Background: Abrupt implementation of lockdowns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the management of diabetes mellitus in patients worldwide. Limited access to health facilities and lifestyle changes potentially affected metabolic parameters in patients at risk. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine any differences in the control of metabolic parameters in patients with diabetes, before and during lockdown. Methods: We performed searches of five databases. Meta-analyses were carried out using random-or fixed-effect approaches to glycaemic control parameters as the primary outcome: glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), random blood glucose (RBG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), time-in-range (TIR), time-above-range (TAR), time-below-range (TBR). Mean difference (MD), confidence interval (CI), and P value were calculated. Lipid profile was a secondary outcome and is presented as a descriptive analysis. Results: Twenty-one studies enrolling a total of 3,992 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM) were included in the study. Patients with T1DM showed a significant improvement of TIR and TAR (MD=3.52% [95% CI, 0.29 to 6.74], I 2 =76%, P=0.03; MD=-3.36% [95% CI, -6.48 to -0.25], I 2 =75%, P=0.03), while FBG among patients with T2DM significantly worsened (MD=3.47 mg/dL [95% CI, 1.22 to 5.73], I 2 =0%, P<0.01). No significant difference was found in HbA1c, RBG, and TBR. Use of continuous glucose monitoring in T1DM facilitated good glycaemic control. Significant deterioration of lipid parameters during lockdown, particularly triglyceride, was observed. Conclusion: Implementation of lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic did not worsen glycaemic control in patients with diabetes. Other metabolic parameters improved during lockdown, though lipid parameters, particularly triglyceride, worsened.

Background: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm because of the reciprocal translocation of chromosome 22 to chromosome 9. In the United States, the incidence of CML is 1.9 cases per 100,000 people. Whereas in Indonesia, there is no specific national data on CML prevalence, especially regarding the clinical profile, even though the cancer cases reach 1.4 per 1,000 population. Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and clinical features of CML patients in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with data from the medical records of CML patients in 2017 at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The sample in this study was CML patients with positive Breakpoint Clusters Region- Abelson (BCR-ABL), having a minimum age of 18 years and equipped with epidemiological data, complete blood count data, and peripheral blood smear data. Results: Thirty-three patients met the study criteria. The sample was predominantly male, with a ratio of 1.06 : 1 to female patients with a median age of 40 years. Spleno-megaly was found in 87.9% of the patients. The average results of leukocyte, platelet, and hemoglobin counts were 254.58 x 103/μL, 557 x 103/μL, and 9.55 g/dL. From the results of peripheral blood smear obtained normochromic normocytic anisopoikilo-cytosis erythrocyte (57.6%), all patients had a profile of increased leukocytes with blast presence in 97% of the patients, and 51.5% had a profile of an increase in platelets and the discovery of giant platelets in 33.3% of the patients. Conclusion: The sample was predominantly male with the highest incidence at a younger age range of 21-30 years. The clinical characteristics showed high leukocytosis with various stage of maturation and a tendency to develop grade 2 normocytic normochromic anemia and thrombo-cytosis was found in the patients.

Background: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm because of the reciprocal translocation of chromosome 22 to chromosome 9. In the United States, the incidence of CML is 1.9 cases per 100,000 people. Whereas in Indonesia, there is no specific national data on CML prevalence, especially regarding the clinical picture even though cancer cases reach 1.4 per 1,000 population. Objective: Evaluate the characteristics and clinical features of CML patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with data on the medical records of CML patients in the 2017 period at the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The sample in this study was CML patients with positive Breakpoint Clusters Region-Abelson (BCR-ABL), having a minimum age of 18 years and equipped with epidemiological data, complete blood count data, and peripheral blood smear data. Result: Thirty-three patients met the study criteria. The sample was predominantly male, with a ratio of 1.06 : 1 to female patients with a median age of 40 years. Splenomegaly was found in 87.9% of patients. The average results of leukocyte, platelet, and hemoglobin counts were 254.58 x 103 / μL, 557 x 103 / μL, and 9.55 g / dL. From the results of peripheral blood smear obtained normochromic normocytic anisopoikilocytosis erythrocyte (57.6%), all patients had an image of increased leukocytes with blast presence in 97% of patients, and 51.5% had the image of an increase in platelets and the discovery of giant platelets in 33.3% of patients. Conclusion: The sample is predominantly male with the highest incidence at a younger age range of 21-30 years; The clinical characteristics of high leukocytosis with various stage of maturation and a tendency to develop grade 2 normocytic normochromic anemia and thrombocytosis was found in the patients.