Characteristic of Co-Culture Biofilm Formed by <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> and <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i>, and Antagonistic Effects of This Biofilm on Pathogen Growth

Abstract

Recent studies in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) biofilm formation have reported that the functional properties of LAB are associated with biofilm formation. In this study, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus plantarum showed the ability to form a biofilm on a solid surface under static conditions. The morphology of LAB on MRS-CR agar showed that both P. acidilactici and L. plantarum could produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) on the cell surface which mainly contributed to forming the biofilm of single and co-culture strains on solid surfaces. Under the flow condition, cell motility played an important role in supporting the cell to overcome the repulsive force to reach and interact with the surface. As a result, the L. plantarum and co-culture cells with higher motility caused a noticeably thicker biofilm on the glass surface compared to the P. acidilactici strain. Moreover, the antagonistic activity assay showed that co-culture biofilm formation improved the antagonistic effects of LAB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium compared to those in planktonic culture. It suggested that co-culture biofilm could be an ef fective model to apply useful LAB as potential probiotics and to control pathogen in food chain, especially under the flow condition.

Amino acid-derived quorum sensing molecule alanine on the GIT tolerance of the lactobacillus strains in the co-cultured fermentation model

“…Furthermore, in the co-culture condition, the viability, self-aggregation rate, adhesion to cells and biofilm formation of the bacteria were also have a relationship with each other during this special situation. In previous studies, it was found that co-cultured of L. plantarum and P. acidilactici VTCC 10800 or S. cerevisiae Y11-43 significantly improved the biofilm formation ability [38,39]. In addition, SEM results of biofilms under monoculture and co-culture conditions also confirmed this conclusion.…”

Amino Acid-Derived Quorum Sensing Molecule Alanine on the Gastrointestinal Tract Tolerance of the Lactobacillus Strains in the Cocultured Fermentation Model

“…Previous studies found that cocultured L. plantarum and P. acidilactici VTCC 10800 or S. cerevisiae Y11-43 significantly improved the biofilm formation ability ( 32 , 33 ). In addition, biofilm detection results under monoculture and coculture conditions also confirmed this conclusion.…”

Multispecies biofilms in fermentation: Biofilm formation, microbial interactions, and communication

“…The EPS produced by L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis both had antioxidant activity in mono‐species culture, and the EPSs of their coculture had high thermal stability, maximum DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and reducing power when cheese whey was used for microbial fermentation (Amiri et al., 2019). In another study of LAB coculture biofilms, the coculture biofilm formed by L. plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici had a thicker thickness and higher antimicrobial activities against all tested pathogens (Nguyen et al., 2020). In addition, some biofilm properties, such as viscoelastic properties of multispecies biofilms formed by B. licheniformis and Pseudomonas fluorescens in the dairy industry, are most likely to be contributed by dominant good biofilm formers, P. fluorescens , which have great adaptive and reproductive capabilities (Abriat et al., 2019).…”

“…Control of harmful microorganisms in biofilms is achieved by competition with probiotic bacteria. For instance, both P. acidilactici and L. plantarum could produce exopolysaccharide and form coculture biofilms, which increased their antagonistic effects against P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium , especially under flow conditions (Nguyen et al., 2020). Bacteriocin extracts are often chosen as antibacterial agents; however, their antimicrobial action could be limited owing to the protective effect of biofilms.…”