Characteristic Properties of Alternative Biomass Fuels

Lisý, Martin; Lisá, Hana; Jecha, D.; Baláš, Marek; Križan, Peter

doi:10.3390/en13061448

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Despite the difference in composition the interest in these polysaccharides or polymers increases due to its higher heating value. The Higher Heating Value (HHV) of the cellulose and hemicellulose (17.6 MJ/kg) is lower than lignin (23.3 to 26.6 MJ/kg) due to elevated degree of oxidation [69]. Inspite lignin has large HHV value, the complexity lies in their reaction kinetics makes it difficult for further processing.…”

Section: Woody Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Venkatachalam¹,

Ravichandran²,

Sengottian³

2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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Thermochemical conversion is an effective process in production of biocrude. It mainly includes techniques such as torrefaction, liquefaction, gasification and pyrolysis in which Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) has the potential to produce significant energy resource. Algae, one of the third-generation feedstocks is placed in the top order for production of bio-oil compared to the first and second-generation feedstock, as the algae can get multiplied in shorter time with the uptake of greenhouse gases. In HTL, the subcritical water helps the biomass to undergo thermal depolymerisation and produce various chemicals such as nitrogenates, alkanes, phenolics, esters, etc. The produced “biocrude” or “bio-oil” may be further upgraded into value-added chemicals and fuels. In addition, the bio-gas and bio-char are also synthesized as by-products. This review provides an overview of different routes available for thermochemical conversion of biomass. It also provides an insight on the operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, dosage of catalyst and solvent for lignocellulosic and algal biomass under HTL environment. In extent, the article covers the conversion mechanism for these two feedstocks and also the effects of the operating parameters on the yield of biocrude are studied in detail.

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Section: Woody Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Venkatachalam¹,

Ravichandran²,

Sengottian³

2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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“…A higher heating value (HHV) is the quantity of heat realized when a unit amount of fuel is completely combusted. HHV is obtained by cooling the products of combustion, leading to the formation of water vapor [184,185]. The HHV of fuel is directly proportional to the quantity of carbon in the fuel and the ratio of C-H to O 2 -N 2 .…”

Section: Biofuel As Internal Combustion Engine Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density and heating values determine the energy available in the fuel, along with the volume and mass. The cetane number (CN) is a function of the amount of time lag between the fuel injection and auto-ignition [184]. The CN is used to classify PBD fuel and measures the ability of the fuel to self-ignite.…”

Section: Biofuel As Internal Combustion Engine Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Classification, Production and Utilization of Biofuels for Internal Combustion Engine Applications

et al. 2021

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Biofuel, a cost-effective, safe, and environmentally benign fuel produced from renewable sources, has been accepted as a sustainable replacement and a panacea for the damaging effects of the exploration for and consumption of fossil-based fuels. The current work examines the classification, generation, and utilization of biofuels, particularly in internal combustion engine (ICE) applications. Biofuels are classified according to their physical state, technology maturity, the generation of feedstock, and the generation of products. The methods of production and the advantages of the application of biogas, bioalcohol, and hydrogen in spark ignition engines, as well as biodiesel, Fischer–Tropsch fuel, and dimethyl ether in compression ignition engines, in terms of engine performance and emission are highlighted. The generation of biofuels from waste helps in waste minimization, proper waste disposal, and sanitation. The utilization of biofuels in ICEs improves engine performance and mitigates the emission of poisonous gases. There is a need for appropriate policy frameworks to promote commercial production and seamless deployment of these biofuels for transportation applications with a view to guaranteeing energy security.

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“…Various types of pollutants are emitted to the environment during the combustion process. The emission of pollutants results from the composition of the fuel and the conditions of the combustion process [3,4]. In practice, both factors occur simultaneously; however, their influence is variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Properties and Particulate Matter Content of the Gas from the Innovative Pilot-Scale Gasification Installation with Integrated Ceramic Filter

et al. 2021

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This paper presents a study on the application of a ceramic filter in the biomass gasification process and its efficiency in particulate matter removal from the process gas and flue gas. A significant advantage of this type of filter is its high efficiency in small particle removal (<1 µm). This feature allows us to reach the much lower emissions that are required by the applicable standards. The study was performed using an original biomass gasification installation, where conifer scobs were used as feedstock. The installation, its operation and measurement methodology are described in the article. The study included the analysis of process gas and particulate matter, as well as particulate matter content before and after the filter was applied. The measurements indicate that the efficiency of particulate matter removal reaches 99.1%. The analysis of particulate matter in the process gas allowed us to determine that its content was 18.26%, and additionally it was indicated that it contained combustible parts, which undergo combustion in the combustion chamber. It was found that the content of particulate matter is reduced 11 times when compared to the process gas before the filter. An accurate estimation of particulate matter content in flue gas has been also shown for the system without the ceramic filter. As a result, the method allowed us to determine the overall efficiency of particulate matter removal using the ceramic filter, which is equal to 99.9% or 2 mg/m3 (N). The performed study shows that pre-combustion particulate matter removal is preferred over post-combustion particulate matter removal from flue gas. The reason is that the stream of process gas is several times smaller than the flue gas stream, thus the required size of the filter is smaller. Furthermore, process gas filtering allows us to keep the heat transfer surfaces clean, which preserves high thermal efficiency and durability of equipment. The presented results of performed tests are the early stage of the development of the technology of process gas refining in the waste gasification process. The final target is to reach standards similar to those in the case of natural gas.

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Characteristic Properties of Alternative Biomass Fuels

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

An Overview of the Classification, Production and Utilization of Biofuels for Internal Combustion Engine Applications

Study of the Properties and Particulate Matter Content of the Gas from the Innovative Pilot-Scale Gasification Installation with Integrated Ceramic Filter

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