Characteristics and components of poly-aluminum chloride coagulants that enhance arsenate removal by coagulation: Detailed analysis of aluminum species

Abstract

We evaluated 51 poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) coagulants to determine the coagulant characteristics that were responsible for effective arsenate removal from contaminated river water by means of experiments involving coagulation, settling, and microfiltration. Some of the high-basicity PACls exhibited high arsenate removal percentages, particularly under alkaline conditions, and we investigated various relevant properties and characteristics of these high-basicity PACls. Effective arsenate removal was correlated with the content of polymeric and colloidal aluminum species (Alb and Alc) in the PACls but was not well correlated with colloid charge or zeta potential. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a portion of Alb and Alc, which reacted with the ferron reagent during the period from 30 min to 3 h, that is, the (Al) fraction, had the highest arsenate sorption capacity, followed by a colloidal aluminum fraction (Al, which reacted with ferron at a time of >3 h). The Al fraction was stable, and its arsenate sorption capacity did not decrease markedly with increasing pH. The Al fraction did not correspond to the Keggin-type e-Al polycation or the δ-Al polycation; it is likely to be an aluminum polymer that is unobservable by Al NMR spectroscopy. Our results suggest that PACls with a high proportion of the Al fraction should be used for enhanced arsenate removal by coagulation. A high content of the e-Al polycation or the δ-Al polycation was not indispensable for effective arsenate removal.

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“…Numerous technologies, including adsorption [7], coagulation-precipitation [8], biological degradation [9,10], and ion exchange [11] are currently applied to remove arsenic from water.…”

Effect of Particle Size and Dosing of Polymeric Aluminum Chloride Waste Residue on Cement Mortar

“…Polymeric aluminum chloride is a commonly used water purifier with excellent flocculation properties [1,2]. The raw material is mainly bauxite and other minerals with high aluminum content [3,4].…”

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