Characteristics and potential sources of polychlorinated biphenyl pollution in a suburban area of Guangzhou, southern China

Li, Qilu; Wang, Yan; Luo, Chunling; Li, Jun; Zhang, Gan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.026

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The risk assessment method used in this study is based on an internationally recognized health risk assessment approach, specifically the four-step process proposed by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the United States, which includes hazard identification, estimation of the effect of harmful factor concentrations, and a health risk assessment [40]. The dose-response relationship data adopted in this study are recommended values from the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [41], while parameters such as exposure frequency, exposure duration, and average time are referenced from the relevant literature [42,43]. When calculating the health risks associated with multiple pollutants, non-carcinogenic hazard quotients need to be summed.…”

Section: Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Transport Fluxes of BTEX in Soil and Atmospheric Phases at a Decommissioned Steel Mill Site in China with a Long History

Li,

Xie,

Ding

et al. 2023

Toxics

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BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), as characteristic pollutants in chemical plant sites, are widely present in the environment and pose a serious threat to the health and safety of nearby residents. Studying the spatial distribution characteristics and transport fluxes of BTEX in soil and air at contaminated sites and the health risks they pose to humans is of great significance for fine pollution control and environmental management. This study took a typical decommissioned steel plant as a case study. A total of 23 soil and air samples were collected from different locations to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of BTEX in soil and air. The transport and fate of BTEX in soil and air were evaluated using the fugacity model, and finally, a human health risk assessment was conducted. The results indicate a relatively severe level of benzene pollution in both soil and air. The maximum exceedance factor of benzene in soil samples is 31.5, with the concentration exceedance depth at 1.5 m. The maximum concentration of benzene in air samples is 4.98 μg·m−3. Benzene, at 5.9% of the site, shows a low flux with negative values, while other components at various locations all exhibit a trend of transport from the soil phase to the atmospheric phase. Benzene is the pollutant that contributes the most to the transport flux from soil to air within the site. The coking area and sewage treatment area are key areas within the steel mill where BTEX accumulate easily in the soil. The non-carcinogenic risk values of the individual components of BTEX in the soil are below the acceptable risk level. However, the carcinogenic risk value of benzene in the children’s exposure scenario exceeds the carcinogenic risk level of 10−6. The carcinogenic risk range of various components of BTEX in the air is 2.63 × 10−6~3.88 × 10−5, with 28.6% of the locations exceeding the threshold of 10−6. The range of the total HI (hazard index) is 2.08 × 10−4~1.81 × 10−1, all of which is below the safety threshold of 1. The results of this study will provide scientific support for the fine pollution control and environmental management of industrial contaminated sites with BTEX as their typical pollutants.

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Section: Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Transport Fluxes of BTEX in Soil and Atmospheric Phases at a Decommissioned Steel Mill Site in China with a Long History

Li,

Xie,

Ding

et al. 2023

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, the LTO cycle was selected as the driving factor for the projection, referring to the method by Li. (2017) [43]. The equation was established by identifying the average annual growth rate of LTO cycles in historical years, as shown below.…”

Section: Projection Of Co 2 and Air Pollutant Emissions From The Avia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Projection of the Co-Reduced Emissions of CO2 and Air Pollutants from Civil Aviation in China

et al. 2023

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Civil aviation transport is a key area of fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission, and it is also an important source of air pollutants; the emissions of these have caused severe environmental problems. In this paper, we estimated the emissions in 235 domestic civil airports, and predicted the future trends of CO2 and air pollutant emissions from civil aviation in China until 2050 under three scenarios. The co-reduced emissions of each measure were evaluated by using the co-control effects coordinate system. The results show that in 2018, the emissions of CO2, NOx, SO2, CO, PM and HC were 117.23 × 106 tons, 90.47 × 104 tons, 14.37 × 104 tons, 9 × 104 tons, 1.29 × 104 tons and 0.66 × 104 tons, respectively. CO2, NOx, SO2 and PM emissions were mainly concentrated in cruise mode, accounting for 87–93% of the total emissions; HC and CO emissions were more frequently from the LTO. Under the baseline scenario, the growth rate of air pollutant emissions will account for a greater share, from 84% in 2030 to 464% in 2050, whereas the general scenario reduces emissions by 15% and 71%, respectively, and a higher reduction of 26% and 93% is seen in the stringent scenario. Improving aviation fuels is the most significant co-reduction measure, which can reduce CO2 by 89% and 68% in 2030 and 2050, and reduce air pollutants by 86–89% and 62–65%, respectively.

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“…In the formula, EC i is the exposure concentration of VOCs i , the unit is µg/m 3 ; ρ(CA i ) is the environmental concentration of VOCs i , the unit is µg/m 3 ; ET is the exposure time, the value is 24, the unit is h/d; EF is Exposure frequency, the value is 365, the unit is d/a; ED is the exposure time, the value is 70, the unit is a; AT is the average time, the unit is h, the value is 70 × 365 × 24; HQ is the non-carcinogenic risk Hazard quotient, ρ(RfC i ) is the reference concentration of VOCs i , the unit is µg/m 3 ; R is the lifetime carcinogenic risk value, ρ(IUR i ) is the unit inhalation risk of VOCs i [31], the unit is (µg/m 3 ) −1 ; HI is the hazard index.…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Concentration, Source and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Nine Cities of Northeast China

Shi

Bao

Ren

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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From April 2008 to July 2009, ambient measurements of 58 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics, were conducted in nine industrial cities (Shenyang, Fushun, Changchun, Jilin, Harbin, Daqing, Huludao, Anshan and Tianjin) of the Northeast Region, China (NRC). Daqing had the highest concentration of VOCs (519.68 ± 309.88 μg/m3), followed by Changchun (345.01 ± 170.52 μg/m3), Harbin (231.14 ± 46.69 μg/m3), Jilin (221.63 ± 34.32 μg/m3), Huludao (195.92 ± 103.26 μg/m3), Fushun (135.43 ± 46.01 μg/m3), Anshan (109.68 ± 23.27 μg/m3), Tianjin (104.31 ± 46.04 μg/m3), Shenyang (75.2 ± 40.09 μg/m3). Alkanes constituted the largest percentage (>40%) in concentrations of the quantified VOCs in NRC, and the exception was Tianjin dominated by aromatics (about 52.34%). Although alkanes were the most abundant VOCs at the cities, the most important VOCs contributing to ozone formation potential (OFP) were alkenes and aromatics. Changchun had the highest OFP (537.3 μg/m3), Tianjin had the lowest OFP (111.7 μg/m3). The main active species contributing to OFP in the nine cities were C2~C6 alkanes, C7~C8 aromatic hydrocarbons, individual cities (Daqing) contained n-hexane, propane and other alkane species. Correlation between individual hydrocarbons, B/T ratio and principal component analysis model (PCA) were deployed to explore the source contributions. The results showed that the source of vehicle exhausts was one of the primary sources of VOCs in all nine cities. Additionally, individual cities, such as Daqing, petrochemical industry was founded to be an important source of VOCs. The results gained from this study provided a large of useful information for better understanding the characteristics and sources of ambient VOCs incities of NRC. The non-carcinogenic risk values of the nine cities were within the safe range recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (HQ < 1), and the lifetime carcinogenic risk values of benzene were 3.82 × 10−5~1.28 × 10−4, which were higher than the safety range specified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (R < 1.00 × 10−6). The results of risk values indicated that there was a risk of cancer in these cities.

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Characteristics and potential sources of polychlorinated biphenyl pollution in a suburban area of Guangzhou, southern China

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

An Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Transport Fluxes of BTEX in Soil and Atmospheric Phases at a Decommissioned Steel Mill Site in China with a Long History

An Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Transport Fluxes of BTEX in Soil and Atmospheric Phases at a Decommissioned Steel Mill Site in China with a Long History

Projection of the Co-Reduced Emissions of CO2 and Air Pollutants from Civil Aviation in China

Mass Concentration, Source and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Nine Cities of Northeast China

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