Characteristics and Relationships between Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Beijing: A Residential Apartment Case Study

Han, Yingjie; Li, Xinghua; Lv, Dong; Chen, Ying; Hou, Lijun; Zhang, Yinping; Ren, Mingchun

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2015.12.0682

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Moreover, while indoor sources exist, indoor PM can be substantially higher than outdoor PM concentrations. In Beijing's case, the average indoor PM2.5 concentration was significantly lower than that of outdoors, and the indoor PM2.5 was found to be mainly from the outdoors [45]. Therefore, staying indoors all day may enable a person to "escape" from residential-based exposure, and such kind of people may be wrongly excluded from the vulnerable group.…”

Section: Measuring Mobility-based and Residence-based Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

Who Could Not Avoid Exposure to High Levels of Residence-Based Pollution by Daily Mobility? Evidence of Air Pollution Exposure from the Perspective of the Neighborhood Effect Averaging Problem (NEAP)

Kwan

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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It has been widely acknowledged that air pollution has a considerable adverse impact on people’s health. Disadvantaged groups such as low-income people are often found to experience greater negative effects of environmental pollution. Thus, improving the accuracy of air pollution exposure assessment might be essential to policy-making. Recently, the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) has been identified as a specific form of possible bias when assessing individual exposure to air pollution and its health impacts. In this paper, we assessed the real-time air pollution exposure and residential-based exposure of 106 participants in a high-pollution community in Beijing, China. The study found that: (1) there are significant differences between the two assessments; (2) most participants experienced the NEAP and could lower their exposure by their daily mobility; (3) three vulnerable groups with low daily mobility and could not avoid the high pollution in their residential neighborhoods were identified as exceptions to this: low-income people who have low levels of daily mobility and limited travel outside their residential neighborhoods, blue-collar workers who spend long hours at low-end workplaces, and elderly people who face many household constraints. Public policies thus need to focus on the hidden environmental injustice revealed by the NEAP in order to improve the well-being of these environmentally vulnerable groups.

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Section: Measuring Mobility-based and Residence-based Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

Who Could Not Avoid Exposure to High Levels of Residence-Based Pollution by Daily Mobility? Evidence of Air Pollution Exposure from the Perspective of the Neighborhood Effect Averaging Problem (NEAP)

Kwan

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The indoor and outdoor concentrations of 19 PAHs in the urban area in this study were comparable to those in the study by Zhu et al (2015), who reported ∑PAHs concentrations of 111.07 and 140.34 ng m -3 in indoor and outdoor environments, respectively, in autumn of Jinan. But the concentration was lower than that in Beijing, which were 187.3 ng m -3 and 387.0 ng m -3 in indoor and outdoor environments, respectively (Han et al, 2016). Moreover, the ∑PAHs in this study area was determined to be lower than the levels of 16 PM 2.5 -bound PAHs in Taiyuan and in Beijing with concentrations of 420.8 ng m -3 (Li et al, 2016a) and 407.6 ng m -3 (Wang et al, 2008) in winter, respectively.…”

Section: Pahs Concentrations In Ambient Airmentioning

confidence: 98%

PM2.5-Bound PAHs in Indoor and Outdoor of Hotels in Urban and Suburban of Jinan, China: Concentrations, Sources, and Health Risk Impacts

Yang

Chen³

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The relationships between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM 2.5 in outdoor and indoor environments of hotels were examined in Jinan, China from January 6, 2016 to January 29, 2016. The mean concentrations of ∑PAHs for all sampling sites showed the following ascending order: suburban indoor (SUI, 39.58 and SUI were all less than 1, indicating that the PAHs were mainly infiltrated from the outdoor environment. At URI 2 , 2-ring and some 3-and 4-ring PAHs were mainly produced indoors due to cooking, whereas the 5-7-ring PAHs were mainly infiltrated from the outdoor environment. The diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis indicated that emissions from combustion of coal, biomass, diesel fuel and gasoline were the main sources of PAHs in the study area. The impacts of health risk assessment of PAHs suggested that the health risks in the outdoor environment were more severe than those in the indoor environment and the health risks in urban area were significantly higher than those in the suburban area in Jinan.

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“…However, when indoor sources are absent, indoor aerosol concentrations correlate strongly to those outdoors . This relationship has been detailed in prominent studies worldwide, including those conducted in Athens (Diapouli et al, 2011), Los Angeles (Zhu et al, 2005), Brisbane (Morawska et al, 2001;Guo et al, 2008), Helsinki , and Beijing (Han et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, outdoor aerosol composition affects indoor particle concentration and composition (Brauer et al, 1991;Vette et al, 2001;Morawska et al, 2003;Hussein et al, 2006) with stable compounds such as elemental carbon and SO 4 2-favoured over semivolatile polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons and NO 3 -A Talbot et al, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 653-665, 2017 654 (Huang et al, 2007;Lunden et al, 2008;Poulain et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2012;Han et al, 2016). In addition, seasonal variability influences outdoor aerosol composition (Poulain et al, 2011;Talbot et al, 2016) which adds further uncertainties to indoor measurements because of the influence of the phase shift of semivolatile species and the water content of hydrophilic particles (Li and Hopke, 1993;Tsai et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of mechanical ventilation, the influx of outdoor-originating particles is driven by the air exchange rate of a building or room (Chen and Zhao, 2011;Leung and Drakaki, 2015), with the exchange rate dependent on the use, age, and design of the structure (Hering et al, 2007;Levy et al, 2010;Han et al, 2016). Moreover, outdoor aerosol composition affects indoor particle concentration and composition (Brauer et al, 1991;Vette et al, 2001;Morawska et al, 2003;Hussein et al, 2006) with stable compounds such as elemental carbon and SO 4 2-favoured over semivolatile polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons and NO 3 -A Talbot et al, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17: 653-665, 2017 654 (Huang et al, 2007;Lunden et al, 2008;Poulain et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2012;Han et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transformations of Aerosol Particles from an Outdoor to Indoor Environment

Talbot

Kubelová

Makeš

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Aerosol particle size and chemical composition during summer and winter were investigated in this study. An automated switching valve allowed for indoor and outdoor environments to be sampled near-simultaneously with the same high temporal-resolution instrumentation. During the study, no known indoor sources were present and the sampled room was unoccupied throughout.Accumulation mode indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios were substantially lower in winter than in summer. This reduction was attributed to particles of outdoor origin shrinking as they entered the warmer and drier indoor environment. An essential factor in this process appeared to be the difference (gradient) between the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor and outdoor environments during the winter. Online aerosol mass spectrometer measurements recorded a 34-38% decrease in I/O ratios for all nonrefractory species during the winter relative to the summer. A similar change in I/O ratios for all species indicated that physical, rather than chemical, processes were responsible.To assess the relative influence of various physical factors on I/O relationships, Spearman rank statistical tests were carried out. These identified wind speed to be negatively correlated to the indoor concentrations for all species. Wind roses incorporating I/O ratios were applied and showed that the wind speed and direction influenced the changes in the indoor composition. The relative outdoor concentration of different aerosol species, steepness of the I/O temperature gradient, and wind speed variability are concluded to be essential factors in I/O aerosol transformations.

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Characteristics and Relationships between Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Beijing: A Residential Apartment Case Study

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Who Could Not Avoid Exposure to High Levels of Residence-Based Pollution by Daily Mobility? Evidence of Air Pollution Exposure from the Perspective of the Neighborhood Effect Averaging Problem (NEAP)

Who Could Not Avoid Exposure to High Levels of Residence-Based Pollution by Daily Mobility? Evidence of Air Pollution Exposure from the Perspective of the Neighborhood Effect Averaging Problem (NEAP)

PM2.5-Bound PAHs in Indoor and Outdoor of Hotels in Urban and Suburban of Jinan, China: Concentrations, Sources, and Health Risk Impacts

Transformations of Aerosol Particles from an Outdoor to Indoor Environment

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