Characteristics and Risk Factors Attributed to Coronary Artery Disease in Women Attended Health Services in Gaza-Palestine Observational Study

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in both sexes worldwide, and becomes number one killer in women due to many factors including increase in traditional risk factors, delays in apparition of symptoms, under estimation of diagnosis test and treatment. Our study aims to identify risk factors for coronary artery disease among women with chest pain underwent coronary angiography during years (2010-2013) in cardiology center. The study design is an observational among 688 women-aged 32 -96 years; the mean age of our study population is 61 years. Risk factors are abstracted from patients' files. Women with documented coronaries disease tend to be older, have higher, systolic blood pressure, serum level of triglyceride, and impaired clearance creatinine. 59.4% of them are menopause with higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes (58.6% and 63.6%). Significant positive association is found in women with myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stable angina and presence of obstructive coronary artery disease respectively (89.6%, 82.3%, 59.1%) in opposite women presented with atypical chest pain have high prevalence of normal coronaries (95.7%). About 57.6% have more than three risk factors, and 55.3% are obese or overweight. In addition, 42.1% of them have impaired systolic function. We conclude that cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent among Palestinians women in Gaza and the combination of risk factors is common. Interventions to minimize CAD in our population are needed.

Comparison of coronary risk factors and angiographic findings in younger and older patients with significant coronary artery disease

“…Based on the results, more patients had DM in ≥45 years old compared to <45 group. Previous studies showed that DM entails a 5-fold increase in the risk of CAD for females while for diabetic males the augment is 2-fold [1]. It should be emphasized that the complex role of DM in the young patients should be better elucidated in the future large investigation.…”

Gender based differences in lipid profile and other novel atherogenic risk factors in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

“…The AIP of male and female in this study was observed to be significantly increased when compared with baseline value (Table 7) similar to other studies. 25,26 AIP values of-0.3 to 0.1 are associated with low, 0.1 to .0.24 with medium and ≥0.24 with high cardiovascular risk. AIP has a better prediction of coronary artery disease than individual lipids, and/or TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c ratios.…”

Study of Clinical Profiles, Risk Factors and Coronary Angiographic Patterns in Female Patients Presenting with Anginal Chest Pain in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal

“…26 In our study, majority of patients were in the age group 50-60 years and in the postmenopausal groups which is a similar finding as in many studies in the past. 12,27 This indicates most of the patients with older age are more likely to have anginal symptoms and hence likely to under go CAG. Among three groups, the one with age >65 years has maximum proportion of patients with >/=3 risk factors, a similar finding found in one study done in Indian females.…”