Characteristics associated with non‐disclosure of Type 2 diabetes at work

Olesen, Kasper; Cleal, Bryan; Skinner, Timothy; Willaing, Ingrid

doi:10.1111/dme.13386

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained by Hakkarainen et al in a study conducted on Finnish workers with type 1 diabetes -only half of subjects disclosed their diabetes at work [10]. olesen et al in a study conducted among danish workers with type 2 diabetes, stated that 23% did not disclose their illness to their employer [11]. Munir et al examined in the united kingdom workers treated for chronic disease (arthritis, musculoskeletal pain, diabetes, asthma, migraine, heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, depression) and stated that "except for diabetes, chronic illness itself was not a significant predictor or barrier to self-disclosure" [20].…”

Section: Hba 1c ≤ 7%supporting

confidence: 84%

“…Analyses of the information that the ill person communicates with their social environment are only occasionally performed/carried out. the only material available in the literature are individual studies on the concealment or disclosure of information about the disease by patients with diabetes, especially in the workplace [9][10][11]. thus, there is a need to understand the social implications of being diabetic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Who do type 2 diabetics inform about their own illness

Matej-Butrym¹,

Butrym²,

Rudnicka–Drożak³

et al. 2018

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Background. type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that can influence the relationship between patients and their social environment. Some diabetics are afraid of discrimination because of their illness. Objectives. understanding who of their social circle those afflicted with type 2 diabetes inform of the course of their disease. Material and methods. 136 patients with type 2 diabetes, including 71 women and 65 men (age-median: 62.5, min-max: 40-84) were subjected to a survey study which included, firstly, questions on who they inform about their affliction, secondly, the degree to which they admit to the affliction as compared with selected carbohydrate metabolism parameters of their illness (HbA 1c , fasting glucose). Results. regarding their affliction, patients with type 2 diabetes most often inform their family members of their state of being, especially those who live with them (99.1%; 111), as well as those who do not live with them (86%; 117), then other people with diabetes (80.1%; 109), friends (72.8%; 99) and neighbours (63.2%; 86). in contrast, every second employed respondent did not inform their employer. the reason for admission to being type 2 diabetic was primarily motivated by a desire to prove that they can live a normal life while diabetic (60.3%; 86). there is a negative correlation between the level of HbA 1c and a willingness to reveal that the afflicted can live a normal life despite their diabetes (p < 0,05). Conclusions. our research shows that type 2 diabetics do not always inform certain people within their social environment about their illness. this may have negative consequences. the reasons for this behavior require further research.

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Section: Hba 1c ≤ 7%supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who do type 2 diabetics inform about their own illness

Matej-Butrym¹,

Butrym²,

Rudnicka–Drożak³

et al. 2018

fmpcr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… 6 This has been confirmed in a Danish study among workers with type 2 diabetes. 18 Employers and managers have an important role in developing an inclusive working environment. 17 Thus, they should take working relationships into account when developing workplace practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concealment of type 1 diabetes at work in Finland: a mixed-method study

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesTo explore the possible reasons for concealing type 1 diabetes (T1D) at work.MethodsThe main set of data came from a cross-sectional survey (response rate 49.3%), the participants of which were 688 wage earners with T1D. Concealment of T1D was measured by asking respondents have they ever during their working career hidden their diabetes from their (A) colleagues and (B) line manager. Furthermore, semistructured interviews (n=20) were conducted to obtain deeper understanding. Questionnaire data were analysed using logistic regression analyses and qualitative interviews with inductive thematic analysis.ResultsAbout 30% of wage earners with T1D had concealed their condition during their working career from their colleagues and almost 20% from their line manager. Individuals aged 18–44 years age were more likely to conceal their T1D from their colleagues than older workers during their working career. Not disclosing T1D to the extended family (OR 5.24 (95% CI 2.06 to 13.35)), feeling an outsider at work (OR 2.47 (95% CI 1.58 to 3.84)), being embarrassed by receiving special attention at work (OR 1.99 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.96)) and neglecting treatment at work (OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.48)) were all associated with concealment of T1D from colleagues. The youngest age group of 18–24 years were more likely to conceal their T1D from their line managers than the older age groups during their working career. Not disclosing T1D to the extended family (OR 4.41 (95% CI 1.72 to 11.32)), feeling like an outsider at work (OR 2.51 (1.52 to 4.14)) and being embarrassed by receiving special attention at work (OR 1.81 (95% CI 1.13 to 2.91)) were associated with concealment of T1D from line managers. From the interviews, five main themes related to concealment emerged, expressing fears related to the consequences of telling: (1) being perceived as weak, (2) job discrimination, (3) unwanted attention, (4) being seen as a person who uses their T1D for seeking advantages and (5) losing privacy.ConclusionsA considerable proportion of wage earners with T1D are concealing their diagnosis often because of feelings associated with stigma. Both overemphasis and underestimation of T1D at work by the colleagues or line manager may lead to concealing T1D and may thus be harmful to self-management of T1D. The obstacles in disclosing T1D might be diminished by giving adequate information at the workplace about the condition and its significance.

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“…Another study, however, shows a high disclosure rate of having type 2 diabetes in the workplace [35]. Hansen et al [34] conclude that the psychosocial burden of diabetes in work life among people with type 1 diabetes should be considered to fall within the spectrum of psychosocial diabetes care and research.…”

Section: The Past 25 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art: understanding and integration of the social context in diabetes care

2020

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We review the past 25 years of research addressing challenges people living with diabetes experience in their daily lives related to social contexts, i.e. in their family, at work and in society at large, and identify research gaps. We found that young people with diabetes, as they develop through to adulthood, are exposed to considerable risks to their physical and mental health. Family‐system interventions have had mixed outcomes. Research in this area would benefit from attention to ethnic/cultural diversity, and involving fathers and other family members. In adults with diabetes, social support relates to better diabetes outcomes. While family member involvement in care is likely to affect health and psychosocial outcomes of the person with diabetes, key elements and mediators of effective family interventions need to be identified. The challenges of diabetes management at work are under‐researched; distress and intentional hyperglycaemia are common. When depression is comorbid with diabetes, there are increased work‐related risks, e.g. unemployment, sickness absence and reduced income. Research to support people with diabetes at work should involve colleagues and employers to raise awareness and create supportive environments. Stigma and discrimination have been found to be more common than previously acknowledged, affecting self‐care, well‐being and access to health services. Guidance on stigma‐reducing choice of language has been published recently. Resilience, defined as successful adaptation to adversity such as stigma and discrimination, requires studies relevant to the specific challenges of diabetes, whether at diagnosis or subsequently. The importance of the social context for living well with diabetes is now fully recognized, but understanding of many of the challenges, whether at home or work, is still limited, with much work needed to develop successful interventions.

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Characteristics associated with non‐disclosure of Type 2 diabetes at work

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Who do type 2 diabetics inform about their own illness

Who do type 2 diabetics inform about their own illness

Concealment of type 1 diabetes at work in Finland: a mixed-method study

State of the art: understanding and integration of the social context in diabetes care

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