Characteristics in trace elements compositions of tephras (B-Tm and To-a) for identification tools

Nara, Fumiko Watanabe; Yokoyama, T.; Yamasaki, Shin‐ichi; Minami, Masayo; Asahara, Yoshihiro; Watanabe, Takahiro; Yamada, Keita; Tsuchiya, Noriyoshi; Yasuda, Yoshinori

doi:10.2343/geochemj.2.0619

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The B-Tm tephra, the distal ash-fall layers coeval with the proximal Millennium pumice, is one of the most intensively studied time marker of the northern hemisphere. One of the distinctive features of the B-Tm tephra is its transitional glass shard composition between trachyte and rhyolite endmembers, recognized by numerous studies on variable locations of northern Japanese Island and the East Sea (Japan Sea) regions 11,13,15,24,[37][38][39][40] . Researchers regarded the compositional continuum found in B-Tm tephra as strong evidence pointing toward the mixing of two compositionally distinct magma batches during the Millennium Eruption 12,37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess explosivity driven by melt inclusions during the 946 CE Plinian eruption of Baekdusan

Kim,

Cronin,

Jeong

et al. 2023

Commun Earth Environ

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Melt inclusions readily rupture and form gas bubbles during explosive volcanic eruptions, but their role as a volcanic gas source remains enigmatic. Here, we examined a pumice texture generated by the instantaneous bursting of melt inclusions during the 946 CE Plinian eruption at Baekdusan. The burst produced non-sheared, super-vesicular (>80 vol.% voids) bubble pockets, occupying volume fractions of 6–24% within the Millennium gray pumice. The bubble pocket texture suggests that the melt inclusions acted as an additional volcanic gas source that increased the volume of the erupting magma at the moment of magma fragmentation. Two distinctive feldspar–glass assemblages of either sanidine-bearing trachyte or anorthoclase-bearing rhyolite in the bubble pockets indicate that the chemical bimodality of the hemisphere-scale, 946 CE Baekdusan tephra resulted from cryptic mixing of two magmas. The excess explosivity induced by the bursting melt inclusions should be considered when modeling eruption dynamics and assessing volcanic hazards, therefore having broad volcanological implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess explosivity driven by melt inclusions during the 946 CE Plinian eruption of Baekdusan

Kim,

Cronin,

Jeong

et al. 2023

Commun Earth Environ

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show abstract

“…The B-Tm tephra, widespread over the northern hemisphere, shows a wide-range chemical heterogeneity in the glass shard composition between trachyte and rhyolite (Sun et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2016). The heterogeneity was attributed to the mixing of different magmas, which erupted in two different phases (rhyolitic phase-1 and trachytic phase-2) of the Millennium Eruption (Chen et al, 2016;Pan et al, 2017;Nara et al, 2021). However, the two-phase hypothesis appears unnecessary to account for the glass shard heterogeneity, given the pervasive chemo-textural heterogeneity (the trachytic type-A and rhyolitic type-B bubble pockets with the intermediate host domain) found in almost every clast of the phase-1 B-Tm gray pumice.…”

Section: Glass Shard Heterogeneity In the B-tmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Millennium Eruption produced the B-Tm (Baekdusan-Tomakomai) tephra, which is a hemispheric-scale tephra marker readily identi able by its unique trachytic-rhyolitic compositional heterogeneity in glass shards (Machida, 1999;Sun et al, 2014;McLean et al, 2016). The heterogeneous glass shards in the tephra have been attributed to two consecutive eruptions of rhyolitic and trachytic magmas during the Millennium Eruption (Chen et al, 2016;Pan et al, 2017;Nara et al, 2021). However, the roles and interplay of the two magmas in driving the 946 CE eruptions at Baekdusan remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess explosivity driven by melt inclusions during the 946 CE Plinian eruption of Baekdusan

Kim

Cronin

Jeong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study reports a unique pumice texture generated by the instantaneous bursting of melt inclusions in alkali feldspars during the 946 CE Plinian eruption at Baekdusan. The burst produced super-vesicular (80−90 vol.% voids), subspherical (i.e., non-sheared), and subcentimeter-sized “bubble pockets” indicating their formation at the moment of magma fragmentation. Their volume fraction (6–24 vol.%) suggests that the melt inclusions acted as an additional volcanic gas source and increased significantly the volume of the erupting magma at the moment of magma fragmentation. The “excess explosivity” induced by the bursting melt inclusions should be taken into account when modeling eruption dynamics and assessing volcanic hazards, therefore having broad volcanological implications. Two distinctive feldspar–glass assemblages of either sanidine-bearing trachyte or anorthoclase-bearing rhyolite in the bubble pockets also indicate that the chemical bimodality of the hemisphere-scale, 946 CE Baekdusan tephra resulted from cryptic mixing of two magmas.

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Deformation characteristics and prediction of unbound volcanic ash pavement based on the mechanistic-empirical design guide

Liu

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Construction and Building Materials

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Characteristics in trace elements compositions of tephras (B-Tm and To-a) for identification tools

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Excess explosivity driven by melt inclusions during the 946 CE Plinian eruption of Baekdusan

Excess explosivity driven by melt inclusions during the 946 CE Plinian eruption of Baekdusan

Excess explosivity driven by melt inclusions during the 946 CE Plinian eruption of Baekdusan

Deformation characteristics and prediction of unbound volcanic ash pavement based on the mechanistic-empirical design guide

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