Characteristics, Inheritance, and Allelic Relationships of Midribless Mutants in Pearl Millet

Rao, Shodhan; Mengesha, M. H.; Reddy, Ch Ravinder

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110437

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Although the photosynthetic ability of these midrib-less leaves was analyzed in detail, the morphology of floral organs was not fully described. Similar mutants have been described in barley, ovaryless (ovl) (Tsuchiya, 1962;Tsuchiya, 1969), and in pearl millet, midribless-1 (mrl-1) and mrl-2 (Rao et al, 1988), in which both the midrib and carpel differentiation are affected. The detailed floral morphology has not been described for either mutant.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Mutants similar to dl have been identified in other grass species, barley (Tsuchiya, 1962), pearl millet (Rao et al, 1988), and Panicum maximum (Fladung et al, 1991). These mutations are single and recessive, and affect both the midrib formation and carpel development.…”

Section: Plays An Important Role In Vegetative and Reproductive Dementioning

confidence: 88%

“…In P. maximum, the mbl mutation causes midrib-less leaves and the conversion of the gynoecium into stamens (Fladung et al, 1991). In pearl millet, at least two loci, MRL-1 and MRL-2, have been identified, both affecting midrib and carpel development (Rao et al, 1988). In barley, ovl causes the loss of midrib and the degeneration of ovary (Tsuchiya, 1962).…”

Section: Plays An Important Role In Vegetative and Reproductive Dementioning

confidence: 99%

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SUPERWOMAN1 and DROOPING LEAFgenes control floral organ identity in rice

et al. 2003

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We analyzed recessive mutants of two homeotic genes in rice, SUPERWOMAN1 (SPW1) and DROOPING LEAF (DL). The homeotic mutation spw1 transforms stamens and lodicules into carpels and palea-like organs, respectively. Two spw1 alleles, spw1-1 and spw1-2, show the same floral phenotype and did not affect vegetative development. We show that SPW1 is a rice APETALA3 homolog, OsMADS16. In contrast, two strong alleles of the dl locus, drooping leafsuperman1 (dl-sup1) and drooping leaf-superman2 (dlsup2), cause the complete transformation of the gynoecium into stamens. In these strong mutants, many ectopic stamens are formed in the region where the gynoecium is produced in the wild-type flower and they are arranged in a non-whorled, alternate pattern. The intermediate allele dl-1 (T65), results in an increase in the number of stamens and stigmas, and carpels occasionally show staminoid characteristics. In the weakest mutant, dl-2, most of the flowers are normal. All four dl alleles cause midrib-less drooping leaves. The flower of the double mutant, spw1 dl-sup, produces incompletely differentiated organs indefinitely after palea-like organs are produced in the position where lodicules are formed in the wild-type flower. These incompletely differentiated organs are neither stamens nor carpels, but have partial floral identity. Based on genetic and molecular results, we postulate a model of stamen and carpel specification in rice, with DL as a novel gene controlling carpel identity and acting mutually and antagonistically to the class B gene, SPW1.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Plays An Important Role In Vegetative and Reproductive Dementioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Plays An Important Role In Vegetative and Reproductive Dementioning

confidence: 99%

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SUPERWOMAN1 and DROOPING LEAFgenes control floral organ identity in rice

et al. 2003

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“…Conservation of the function of DL orthologs in the grass family In some grass species, such as Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet) and Panicum aestivum, a single mutation causes defects in both carpel identity and midrib formation (Rao et al, 1988;Fladung et al, 1991). Because the phenotypes of these mutants are similar to those of rice dl mutants, it is probable that these mutations occur in the DL ortholog in each plant.…”

Section: Spatial Expression Patterns Of DL Orthologsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial expression patterns of DROOPING LEAF orthologs suggest a conserved function in grasses

et al. 2009

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The DROOPING LEAF (DL) gene regulates carpel specification in the flower and midrib formation in the leaf in Oryza sativa (rice). Loss-of-function mutations in the dl locus cause homeotic transformation of carpels into stamens and lack of midrib, resulting in the drooping leaf phenotype. DL is a member of the YABBY gene family and is closely related to the CRABS CLAW (CRC) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. The function of Arabidopsis CRC, however, differs from that of rice DL: it is responsible for nectary development and is partially involved in carpel identity. Thus, genes related to DL/CRC seem to have functionally diversified during angiosperm evolution. To assess the conservation of DL function in related species, here we examined the in situ expression patterns of DL orthologs in three grass species, i.e., maize, wheat and sorghum, which is assigned to subfamilies different from Ehrhartoideae including O. sativa. The results clearly show that the temporal and spatial expression patterns of DL orthologs in the three species are identical to those of rice DL in both flower and leaf development, suggesting that DL-related genes are functionally conserved within the grass family. It is likely that DL may have been recruited to carpel specification and midrib formation within the lineage of the grass family after divergence of their ancestor from that of eudicots.

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“…Carpel specification is regulated by the AGAMOUS gene that encodes a MADS-box transcription factor in Arabidopsis, whereas its orthologs, OsMADS3 and OsMADS58, may have lost the function of carpel specification in rice evolution (Yanofsky et al, 1990;Yamaguchi et al, 2006). In some grasses, such as Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet) and Panicum aestivum, a mutation in a single locus shows defects in the leaf and the carpel, which are similar to the those observed in weak dl mutants of rice, suggesting that the gene corresponding to DL is involved in midrib formation and carpel development in these plants (Rao et al, 1988, Fladung et al, 1991. Thus, the function of DL and its homologs may have been acquired the function for midrib formation and carpel specification before the divergence of grass species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Genome-wide expression profiling and identification of genes under the control of the DROOPING LEAF gene during midrib development in rice

2008

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The DROOPING LEAF (DL) gene has an important function in rice development. Loss-of-function mutation of DL fails to form midrib, a strong structure formed in the central region of the leaf, resulting in a drooping leaf phenotype. In addition, severe mutation in DL causes a floral homeotic change, i.e., replacement of the carpels by the stamens. Thus, DL regulates midrib formation in the leaf and carpel specification in the flower. DL encodes a putative transcription factor that belongs to the YABBY family, suggesting that it plays an essential role in these developmental processes by regulating many downstream genes, either directly or indirectly. As a first step to elucidate genetic networks involved in midrib formation, in this paper, we attempt to identify genes regulated by DL in the initial processes of midrib development. By comparing expression profiles in the shoot apex that involves the leaf primordia, we found 90 genes that are upregulated at least two-fold higher in the transgenic plants overexpressing DL (Act1:DL) than in the null dl mutant (dl-sup1), suggesting that these genes are involved in midrib formation under the control of DL. Subsequent RT-PCR analysis of arbitrarily chosen 18 genes suggests that some genes may be involved in only midrib formation, whereas others may be involved in both midrib formation and carpel development.

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Characteristics, Inheritance, and Allelic Relationships of Midribless Mutants in Pearl Millet

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

SUPERWOMAN1 and DROOPING LEAFgenes control floral organ identity in rice

SUPERWOMAN1 and DROOPING LEAFgenes control floral organ identity in rice

The spatial expression patterns of DROOPING LEAF orthologs suggest a conserved function in grasses

Genome-wide expression profiling and identification of genes under the control of the DROOPING LEAF gene during midrib development in rice

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