Characteristics of 7 Northerly Cold Surge Events During Years of the Maritime Continent Campaign 2021

Abstract

<p>To explore the characteristics of Northerly Cold Surge during Years of the Maritime Continent Campaign 2021, intensive observation was used to detect the modification processes of the air mass at the head of cold surge, convection development, and severe weather including torrential rainfall using several methods such as the intensive upper-air observation at Jakarta and Pangkal Pinang, vapor variation observation with GNSS network, and precipitation radar network. During this campaign, 7 CENS (Cross-Equatorial Northerly Surge) events were observed according to Hattori’s criteria. The results of the intensive observation show that all of 7 CENS events occurred in association with the negative SST anomaly over the Java Sea with CENS6 (18 – 21 February 2021) induced extreme rainfall (over 150 mm/day) in the southern part of Jakarta. The significant negative SST anomaly was continued over the inland & marginal seas of Indonesia under the strong northerly surge condition during this campaign.</p>

Cold Surge Effect on Vertical Profile Atmosphere over Meteorological Station of Ranai Natuna: Case Study Asian Winter Monsoon 2019/2020

“…This observation aligns with the findings of our study, which indicate that CS events contribute to rainfall characterized by varying intensities, ranging from light to heavy. These results are also consistent with the previous research conducted by Makmur et al [30].…”

“…Upper air observations using a radiosonde were utilized for this purpose. [18]. Research conducted by Makmur et al [18] revealed that there were seven cold surges that propagated across the equator which then resulted in extreme rainfall reaching 150 mm/day.…”

“…[18]. Research conducted by Makmur et al [18] revealed that there were seven cold surges that propagated across the equator which then resulted in extreme rainfall reaching 150 mm/day. However, this study focuses on cold surges that cross the equator, while cold surges that propagate north of the equator are not included in the analysis.…”

“…Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA), 2023; 13(1):[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] …”