Characteristics of Bacteroids in Indeterminate Nodules of the Leguminous Tree Leucaena glauca

Ishihara, Hironobu; Koriyama, Hiroki; Osawa, Atsushi; Zehirov, Grigor; Yamaura, Masatoshi; Kucho, Ken-ichi; Abe, Mikiko; Higashi, Shiro; Kondorosi, Éva; Mergaert, Peter; Uchiumi, Toshiki

doi:10.1264/jsme2.me11104

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Indeed, they are comparable to free-living bacteria in cell size, DNA content and proliferation (Mergaert et al, 2006 ). It is noteworthy that in indeterminate nodules of the mimosoid legume Leucaena glauca elicited by Bradyrhizobium , no NCR peptides have been detected and the bacteroids display a moderate differentiation phenotype; it is an “intermediate” state relative to that of IRLC and non-IRLC legumes with determinate nodules (Ishihara et al, 2011 ). The presence of swollen (differentiated) bacteroids has been noted in five out of the six major papilionoid subclades, although each of these subclades also includes species with non-swollen or non-differentiated bacteroids (Oono et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Organelle-like Characteristics Of the Symbiosomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…New plant and bacterial factors that induce bacteroid differentiation remain to be identified (Mergaert et al, 2006 ; Oono and Denison, 2010 ; Oono et al, 2010 ; Van de Velde et al, 2010 ; Ishihara et al, 2011 ). A bacterial conserved BacA (bacteroid development factor A) protein that forms an ABC transporter system is produced by rhizobia, and it is required for bacteroid development and survival in IRLC and Aeschynomene legumes.…”

Section: Organelle-like Characteristics Of the Symbiosomementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Symbiosome: Legume and Rhizobia Co-evolution toward a Nitrogen-Fixing Organelle?

et al. 2018

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In legume nodules, symbiosomes containing endosymbiotic rhizobial bacteria act as temporary plant organelles that are responsible for nitrogen fixation, these bacteria develop mutual metabolic dependence with the host legume. In most legumes, the rhizobia infect post-mitotic cells that have lost their ability to divide, although in some nodules cells do maintain their mitotic capacity after infection. Here, we review what is currently known about legume symbiosomes from an evolutionary and developmental perspective, and in the context of the different interactions between diazotroph bacteria and eukaryotes. As a result, it can be concluded that the symbiosome possesses organelle-like characteristics due to its metabolic behavior, the composite origin and differentiation of its membrane, the retargeting of host cell proteins, the control of microsymbiont proliferation and differentiation by the host legume, and the cytoskeletal dynamics and symbiosome segregation during the division of rhizobia-infected cells. Different degrees of symbiosome evolution can be defined, specifically in relation to rhizobial infection and to the different types of nodule. Thus, our current understanding of the symbiosome suggests that it might be considered a nitrogen-fixing link in organelle evolution and that the distinct types of legume symbiosomes could represent different evolutionary stages toward the generation of a nitrogen-fixing organelle.

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Section: Organelle-like Characteristics Of the Symbiosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organelle-like Characteristics Of the Symbiosomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Symbiosome: Legume and Rhizobia Co-evolution toward a Nitrogen-Fixing Organelle?

et al. 2018

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“…In addition to having variations in symbiosis (24, 39, 60), various members of the Bradyrhizobiaceae , including Bradyrhizobium , harbor diverse biochemical functions such as photosynthesis, nitrification, sulfur oxidation, aromatic degradation, and oligotrophy (22, 25, 26, 33, 34, 45, 56, 68, 70). Thus, a long-standing question is how the members of the Bradyrhizobiaceae have acquired these diverse biochemical features.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp. S23321: Insights into Symbiosis Evolution in Soil Oligotrophs

et al. 2012

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Bradyrhizobium sp. S23321 is an oligotrophic bacterium isolated from paddy field soil. Although S23321 is phylogenetically close to Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110, a legume symbiont, it is unable to induce root nodules in siratro, a legume often used for testing Nod factor-dependent nodulation. The genome of S23321 is a single circular chromosome, 7,231,841 bp in length, with an average GC content of 64.3%. The genome contains 6,898 potential protein-encoding genes, one set of rRNA genes, and 45 tRNA genes. Comparison of the genome structure between S23321 and USDA110 showed strong colinearity; however, the symbiosis islands present in USDA110 were absent in S23321, whose genome lacked a chaperonin gene cluster (groELS3) for symbiosis regulation found in USDA110. A comparison of sequences around the tRNA-Val gene strongly suggested that S23321 contains an ancestral-type genome that precedes the acquisition of a symbiosis island by horizontal gene transfer. Although S23321 contains a nif (nitrogen fixation) gene cluster, the organization, homology, and phylogeny of the genes in this cluster were more similar to those of photosynthetic bradyrhizobia ORS278 and BTAi1 than to those on the symbiosis island of USDA110. In addition, we found genes encoding a complete photosynthetic system, many ABC transporters for amino acids and oligopeptides, two types (polar and lateral) of flagella, multiple respiratory chains, and a system for lignin monomer catabolism in the S23321 genome. These features suggest that S23321 is able to adapt to a wide range of environments, probably including low-nutrient conditions, with multiple survival strategies in soil and rhizosphere.

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“…In the indeterminate nodules of two mimosoid legumes, Mimosa pudica and Leucaena glauca, bacteroids of the β-rhizobium Cupravidius taiwanensis and Bradyrhizobium sp. strain OK-79A, respectively, were not terminally differentiated (Ishihara et al 2011;Marchetti et al 2011). Azorhizobium caulinodans induces two types of nodules in symbiosis with Sesbania rostrata plants, indeterminate root nodules and determinate stem nodules.…”

Section: An Evolutionary Trend Towards Plant Dominancementioning

confidence: 93%

Bacteroid Development in Legume Nodules: Evolution of Mutual Benefit or of Sacrificial Victims?

Kereszt¹,

Mergaert²,

Kondorosi³

2011

MPMI

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101

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Symbiosomes are organelle-like structures in the cytoplasm of legume nodule cells which are composed of the special, nitrogen-fixing forms of rhizobia called bacteroids, the peribacteroid space and the enveloping peribacteroid membrane of plant origin. The formation of these symbiosomes requires a complex and coordinated interaction between the two partners during all stages of nodule development as any failure in the differentiation of either symbiotic partner, the bacterium or the plant cell prevents the subsequent transcriptional and developmental steps resulting in early senescence of the nodules. Certain legume hosts impose irreversible terminal differentiation onto bacteria. In the inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) of legumes, host dominance is achieved by nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides that resemble defensin-like antimicrobial peptides, the known effector molecules of animal and plant innate immunity. This article provides an overview on the bacteroid and symbiosome development including the terminal differentiation of bacteria in IRLC legumes as well as the bacterial and plant genes and proteins participating in these processes.

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Characteristics of Bacteroids in Indeterminate Nodules of the Leguminous Tree Leucaena glauca

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

The Symbiosome: Legume and Rhizobia Co-evolution toward a Nitrogen-Fixing Organelle?

The Symbiosome: Legume and Rhizobia Co-evolution toward a Nitrogen-Fixing Organelle?

Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp. S23321: Insights into Symbiosis Evolution in Soil Oligotrophs

Bacteroid Development in Legume Nodules: Evolution of Mutual Benefit or of Sacrificial Victims?

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