Characteristics of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in untreated oldest old Alzheimer's disease*

Hamuro, Akihiro; Isono, Hiroshi; Sugai, Yuichi; Mimura, Masaru; Kamijima, Kunitoshi

doi:10.1111/j.1479-8301.2007.00207.x

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) remains one of the most unmet needs in psychogeriatrics [7,8], with more effective pharmacological [9,10] and non-pharmacological interventions [11-13] needed. Psychogeriatrics is, however, a clinical subspecialty in which treatment should be directed towards the person as a whole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laughter and humor as complementary and alternative medicines for dementia patients

Takeda

Hashimoto

Kudo

et al. 2010

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundThe number of dementia patients has increased worldwide, with an estimated 13.7 million dementia patients in the Asia Pacific region alone. This number is expected to increase to 64.6 million by the year 2050.DiscussionAs a result of advances in research, there several pharmacological therapies available for the treatment of dementia patients. However, current treatments do not suppress the disease process and cannot prevent dementia, and it will be some time before these goals are realized. In the meantime, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is an important aspect in the treatment of dementia patients to improve their quality of life throughout the long course of the disease. Considering the individuality of dementia patients, applicability of laughter and humor therapy is discussed. Even though there are many things that need to be elucidated regarding the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of laughter and humor, both may be good CAM for dementia patients if they are applied carefully and properly.SummaryIn this debate article, the physiological basis and actual application of laughter and humor in the treatment of dementia patients are presented for discussion on the applicability to dementia patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laughter and humor as complementary and alternative medicines for dementia patients

Takeda

Hashimoto

Kudo

et al. 2010

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Even though the pathogenesis of BPSD is not yet fully understood, 1 clinicians are often expected to reduce the frequency and severity of BPSD by whatever means available; however, this is sometimes quite difficult. [2][3][4][5] Therefore, BPSD may increase the burden on patients' family and caregivers, and may be the main reason for visits to the hospital and/or clinic by patients and their families.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of donepezil hydrochloride on the care burden of family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease

et al. 2009

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Background: To evaluate the impact of donepezil hydrochloride on the care burden on family members of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, donepezil is the only drug approved for the treatment of AD in Japan. Although the care burden on primary caregivers of AD patients comprises both physical and psychological burdens and donepezil is recognized to improve cognitive dysfunction and associated symptoms, there are few data on the effects of the drug on the care burden. Methods: Of the uninstitutionalized AD patients who visited a dementia clinic between June 2008 and May 2009 with their primary family caregivers, 416 subjects who satisfied the enrollment criteria were registered for the study. All participants provided informed consent. Assessment included changes in scores on the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview ( J-ZBI) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), as well as the presence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Caregivers answered the questionnaires at baseline and after 12 weeks treatment with donepezil (starting dose 3 mg, p.o., once daily, followed by 5 mg after 1 or 2 weeks). Results: There were significant changes in mean scores on the J-ZBI (-1.9 1 9.5; P < 0.01) and MMSE (+0.9 1 2.9; P < 0.01) from baseline to Week 12, without significant correlation between these two scores. In patients with BPSD, there was a significant decrease in J-ZBI scores over the 12 weeks (P = 0.013); in contrast, in patients without BPSD, the decrease in the J-ZBI score did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.418). Conclusions:The results indicate that donepezil improves cognitive function and some of the BPSD. As a possible consequence of improvements in BPSD, donepezil may also reduce caregivers' burden.

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“…The Ser9Gly polymorphism of dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) could disturb the membrane insertion of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2011; 65: [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Pharmacogenomics of schizophrenia 7 this receptor molecule with biological consequence. Studies with FGA treatment response showed the Gly allele is more frequent among poor responders, however, recent studies with SGA showed a positive link of the Gly allele with a better response.…”

Section: Dopamine Receptor D3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neurobiology of DISC1 in the normal developing and adult brain and its roles in SCZ are not well understood. The biological role of DISC1 is, however, speculated from the following findings: (i) downregulation of DISC1 accelerates morphological development of adult-born neurons resulting in soma hypertrophy and enhancement of dendritic outgrowth; (ii) inhibition of DISC1 leads to mispo-Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2011; 65: [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Pharmacogenomics of schizophrenia 9 sitioning of new neurons in the molecular layer from overextended migration, suggesting that DISC1 serves as an interpreter that relays positional signals to the intracellular migratory machinery rather than a direct mediator of neuronal migration; (iii) new neurons with DISC1 knockdown exhibit more mature neuronal firing patterns; and (iv) downregulation of DISC1 accelerates synapse formation of newborn neurons. Taken together, these results indicate that DISC1 controls the tempo of the entire process of neuronal integration in the adult brain as a master regulator.…”

Section: Disrupted In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) have been introduced to reduce side-effects, 5,6 there are still many cases with SGA-related adverse side-effects, with vulnerable subjects in particular. [7][8][9][10][11][12] SGA are widely used in elderly patients with various diagnosis, such as delirium, [13][14][15] delusion, 16 hallucination, 17 catatonia, 18 and behavioral and psychological problems of many types of dementia. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Due to adverse side-effects, SGA are no longer recommended to elderly subjects.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pharmacogenomics of antipsychotics efficacy for schizophrenia

Cacabelos

Hashimoto

Takeda

2011

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Central nervous system disorders are the third greatest health problem in developed countries, and schizophrenia represents some of the most disabling ailments in young individuals. There is an abuse and/or misuse of antipsychotics, and recent advances in pharmacogenomics pose new challenges for the clinical management of this complex disorder. Schizophrenia is a multi-factorial/polygenic complex disorder in which hundreds of different genes are potentially involved, leading to the phenotypic expression of the disease in conjunction with epigenetic and environmental phenomena. Consequently, structural and functional genomic changes induce proteomic and metabolomic defects associated with the disease phenotype.Disease-related genomic profiles and genetic variants in genes involved in drug metabolism are responsible for drug efficacy and safety. About 20% of Caucasians are defective in CYP2D6 enzymes, which participate in the metabolism of 25-30% of central nervous system drugs. Approximately 40% of antipsychotics are substrates of CYP2D6 enzymes, 23% are substrates of CYP3A4, and 18% are substrates of CYP1A2. In order to achieve a mature discipline of pharmacogenomics of schizophrenia it would be effective to accelerate: (i) the education of physicians and the public in the use of genomic screening in daily clinical practice; (ii) the standardization of genetic testing for major categories of drugs; (iii) the validation of pharmacogenomic procedures according to drug category and pathology; (iv) the regulation of ethical, social, and economic issues; and (v) the incorporation of pharmacogenomic procedures of drugs in development and drugs on the market in order to optimize therapeutics.

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Characteristics of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in untreated oldest old Alzheimer's disease*

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Laughter and humor as complementary and alternative medicines for dementia patients

Laughter and humor as complementary and alternative medicines for dementia patients

Impact of donepezil hydrochloride on the care burden of family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease

Pharmacogenomics of antipsychotics efficacy for schizophrenia

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