Characteristics of biogenically-derived aerosols over the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

Jung, Jinyoung; Hong, Sang-Bum; Chen, Meilian; Hur, Jin; Jiao, Liping; Lee, Youngju; Park, Keyhong; Hahm, Doshik; Choi, Jungwon; Yang, Eun Jin; Park, Jisoo; Kim, Tae‐Wan; Lee, Sanghoon

doi:10.5194/acp-2019-133

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Based on airmass trajectories, they attributed the high particle concentrations to lofting of biogenic gases by the polar circulation to the free troposphere over Antarctica, new particle formation there, with subsequent descent back to the MBL related to cyclonic activity. The formation of new, ultrafine particles also has been observed directly in the summertime marine boundary layer in the Antarctic coastal zone where biological activity is enhanced (Jokinen et al, 2018;Jung et al, 2019;Yu & Gan, 2010). The Webb et al (2019) study found that DMS fluxes (Pandis et al, 1994) were sufficient 63% of the time to produce new H 2 SO 4 CCN under MBL conditions on the West Antarctic Peninsula.…”

Section: Sources Of Cloud Condensation Nucleimentioning

confidence: 93%

Cloud‐Nucleating Particles Over the Southern Ocean in a Changing Climate

et al. 2021

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Stratocumulus clouds over the Southern Ocean have fewer droplets and are more likely to exist in the predominately supercooled phase than clouds at similar temperatures over northern oceans. One likely reason is that this region has few continental and anthropogenic sources of cloud-nucleating particles that can form droplets and ice. In this work, we present an overview of aerosol particle types over the Southern Ocean, including new measurements made below, in and above clouds in this region. These measurements and others indicate that biogenic sulfur-based particles >0.1 μm diameter contribute the majority of cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations in summer. Ice nucleating particles tend to have more organic components, likely from sea-spray. Both types of cloud nucleating particles may increase in a warming climate likely to have less sea ice, more phytoplankton activity, and stronger winds over the Southern Ocean near Antarctica. Taken together, clouds over the Southern Ocean may become more reflective and partially counter the region's expected albedo decrease due to diminishing sea ice. However, detailed modeling studies are needed to test this hypothesis due to the complexity of oceancloud-climate feedbacks in the region. Plain Language Summary Clouds over the Southern Ocean tend to have less droplets and ice crystals than similar clouds over northern oceans due to fewer sources of cloud-nucleating aerosol particles in the region. In this work, we present an overview of aerosol particle types over the Southern Ocean, including new measurements made below, in and above clouds. These measurements indicate that while sea-spray-derived salts do provide cloud nuclei, the majority of aerosol particles that influence summertime clouds in this region are biogenic-that is, derived from ocean microorganisms, with the ocean region near Antarctica being a large summertime source. These cloud-nucleating particles may increase in a warming climate likely to have less sea ice and more phytoplankton activity near Antarctica. These additional particles could make low clouds reflect more light and offset a portion of the warming expected due to diminishing sea ice in a future climate. TWOHY ET AL.

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Section: Sources Of Cloud Condensation Nucleimentioning

confidence: 93%

Cloud‐Nucleating Particles Over the Southern Ocean in a Changing Climate

et al. 2021

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“…Air mass back trajectories were calculated using the HYS-PLIT4 (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) trajectory model (Draxler and Hess, 1998) using the NCAR/NCEP (National Centers for Atmospheric Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) 2.5 • global reanalysis archive (Kalnay et al, 1996). Trajectories were calculated arriving at Halley (75 • 34 16 S, 25 • 28 26 W; 30 m above sea level -a.s.l.)…”

Section: Air Mass Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions at Halley Research Station

et al. 2020

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The Southern Ocean and Antarctic region currently best represent one of the few places left on our planet with conditions similar to the preindustrial age. Currently, climate models have a low ability to simulate conditions forming the aerosol baseline; a major uncertainty comes from the lack of understanding of aerosol size distributions and their dynamics. Contrasting studies stress that primary sea salt aerosol can contribute significantly to the aerosol population, challenging the concept of climate biogenic regulation by new particle formation (NPF) from dimethyl sulfide marine emissions.We present a statistical cluster analysis of the physical characteristics of particle size distributions (PSDs) collected at Halley (Antarctica) for the year 2015 (89 % data coverage; 6-209 nm size range; daily size resolution). By applying the Hartigan-Wong k-mean method we find eight clusters describing the entire aerosol population. Three clusters show pristine average low particle number concentrations (< 121-179 cm −3 ) with three main modes (30, 75-95 and 135-160 nm) and represent 57 % of the annual PSD (up to 89 %-100 % during winter and 34 %-65 % during summer based on monthly averages). Nucleation and Aitken mode PSD clusters dominate summer months (September-January, 59 %-90 %), whereas a clear bimodal distribution (43 and 134 nm, respectively; Hoppel minimum at mode 75 nm) is seen only during the December-April period (6 %-21 %). Major findings of the current work include: (1) NPF and growth events originate from both the sea ice marginal zone and the Antarctic plateau, strongly suggesting multiple vertical origins, including the marine boundary layer and free troposphere; (2) very low particle number concentrations are detected for a substantial part of the year (57 %), including summer (34 %-65 %), suggesting that the strong annual aerosol concentration cycle is driven by a short temporal interval of strong NPF events; (3) a unique pristine aerosol cluster is seen with a bimodal size distribution (75 and 160 nm, respectively), strongly associated with high wind speed and possibly associated with blowing snow and sea spray sea salt, dominating the winter aerosol population (34 %-54 %). A brief comparison with two other stations (Dome C -Concordia -and King Sejong Station) during the year 2015 (240 d overlap) shows that the dynamics of aerosol number concentrations and distributions are more complex than the simple sulfate-sea-spray binary combination, and it is likely that an array of additional chemical components and processes drive the aerosol population. A conceptual illustra-Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 4462T. Lachlan-Cope et al.: Annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions tion is proposed indicating the various atmospheric processes related to the Antarctic aerosols, with particular emphasis on the origin of new particle formation and growth.

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“…In addition, sulfur-containing compounds in the class of carbohydrates and proteins have been recently identified in HULIS extracts of aerosols collected in the coastal area of South Korea [54]. Moreover, protein-like components were found dominant in marine aerosols sampled over the Amundsen Sea as a result of biological activity [55]. Similar compounds are shown to be electroactive on Hg [56][57][58].…”

Section: Electrochemical Rss Responses In Ws Fraction Of Fine Marine mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Evidence of non-Volatile Reduced Sulfur Species in Water-Soluble Fraction of Fine Marine Aerosols

Kušan¹,

Frka

Ciglenečki³

2019

Atmosphere

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The traditional voltammetric method at the mercury electrode, and an acidification step developed for the determination of reduced sulfur species (RSS) in natural waters, was for the first time used for the quantification of RSS in the water-soluble fraction of fine marine aerosols collected at the Middle Adriatic location (Rogoznica Lake). The evidence of two types of non-volatile RSS that have different interaction with the Hg electrode was confirmed: mercapto-type which complexes Hg as RS–Hg and sulfide/S0-like compounds which deposits HgS. The analytical protocol that was used for RSS determination in aerosol samples is based on separate voltammetric studies of a methyl 3-mercaptopropionate (3-MPA) as a representative of mercapto-type compounds and sulfide as a representative of inorganic RSS. Our preliminary study indicates the presence of mainly RS–Hg compounds in spring samples, ranging from 2.60–15.40 ng m−3, while both, the mercapto-type (0.48–2.23 ng m−3) and sulfide and/or S0-like compounds (0.02–0.26 ng m−3) were detected in early autumn samples. More expressed and defined RS–Hg peaks recorded in the spring potentially indicate their association with biological activity in the area. Those samples were also characterized by a higher water-soluble organic carbon content and a more abundant surface-active fraction, pointing to enhanced solubility and stabilization of RSS in the aqueous atmospheric phase.

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Characteristics of biogenically-derived aerosols over the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

Cited by 5 publications

References 69 publications

Cloud‐Nucleating Particles Over the Southern Ocean in a Changing Climate

Cloud‐Nucleating Particles Over the Southern Ocean in a Changing Climate

On the annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions at Halley Research Station

Electrochemical Evidence of non-Volatile Reduced Sulfur Species in Water-Soluble Fraction of Fine Marine Aerosols

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