Characteristics of cases of tuberculosis coinfected with HIV in Minas Gerais State in 2016

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the cases of tuberculosis (TB) co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, after the notification sheet modification, and to verify the association between the new variables and the treatment outcome. It is an analytical cross-sectional study with TB/HIV cases notified in the year 2016 to the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases ( Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação ). Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multiple correspondence analysis were performed to verify the association between the outcome, ageand associated diseases. Of the 180 cases, most were male (75.6%) between 30 and 49 years old (63.3%), mixed ethnicity (black and white) (49.4%), 94.4% had the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and 60.6% had pulmonary TB. The molecular test was not performed at the time of diagnosis in 70.5% of the cases. Homeless people (4.4%) and prisoners (3.9%) featured prominently among the special populations. People between 40 and 49 years old without concurrent diseases were cured in 40.0% of the cases; 18.9% abandoned the treatment due to smoking, drug abuse and mental illness in the age group between 20 and 29 years old. The deaths were associated with the age group between 30 and 39 years old and the occurrence of AIDS. The results have shown that the groups considered vulnerable (drug users, smokers and people with mental illness) abandoned the treatment, the notification upon death from AIDS in adults was late and some treatments were inadequate. The epidemiological surveillance, prevention and assistance strategies towards cases of TB/HIV must be improved in order to achieve the goal of the Brazilian National Plan to end Tuberculosis as a Public Health Problem until 2035 in the state.

Predictors for tuberculosis co-infection in people living with HIV/AIDS

“…In our study, mortality rate during TB treatment was 5.3%. Some studies have been reported in a variety of settings and the range of mortality which may reach up to 40% 25 – 29 . In the study of Abdullahi et al, 325 of 3163 HIV/TB co-infected patients (10.3%) died within 180 days after initiation of TB treatment 28 .…”

Is Tobacco Use Associated With Risk of Recurrence and Mortality Among People With TB?

“…Twenty-four of 27 studies on default provided risk estimates for tobacco use. 26 , 28 , 29 , 34 , 41 , 42 , 45 , 50 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 62 , 67 , 74 , 76 , 79 , 80 , 82 , 90 , 94 , 98 , 102 , 121 , 129 , 134 , 135 Except for one study, 62 all others reported increased risk with tobacco use compared with never or no tobacco use. Regarding treatment failure, nine of 12 identified studies provided risk estimates, all reporting increased risk with tobacco use.…”

“…In addition to mortality during treatment, we included 11 studies on all-cause mortality among people with TB 37 , 42 , 58 , 67 , 68 , 94 , 95 , 105 , 123 , 140 , 144 and 11 on TB mortality. 22 , 23 , 27 , 30 , 35 , 44 , 47 , 48 , 75 , 115 , 121 For all-cause mortality, except for two studies that did not provide risk estimates 58 , 67 and two studies that found no association with current tobacco use, 94 , 105 the remaining study reported increased risk with tobacco use compared with no tobacco use. For TB mortality, all studies reported increased risk with tobacco use and one study report increased risk with ST use in addition ( e-Table 3 ).…”

Influência do HIV nos desfechos desfavoráveis do tratamento da Tuberculose

“…Em vista disso, é essencial a identificação precoce dos casos de multirresistência, e incentivo à adesão ao tratamento, com vistas à redução das taxas de abandono da terapia e de mortalidade. Ainda, profissionais de saúde precisam ser sensibilizados sobre a importância da prescrição adequada do tratamento e a redução do uso indiscriminado de medicamentos antituberculose, buscando promover a saúde e melhorar a condição clínica dessas pessoas (Castro;Scatena;Miranzi;Neto;Nunes, 2019).…”