Characteristics of chitin extracted from black soldier fly in different life stages

Soetemans, Lise; Uyttebroek, Maarten; Bastiaens, Leen

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.041

Cited by 134 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Therefore, the reduction of IL-2 in the duodenum of TM chickens is in accordance with Yu et al [14] and should be considered a positive change that benefits mucosal homeostasis, helping to avoid aberrant immune response. This can be attributed to the lower chitin content of TM larvae registered in the present study compared to HI larvae, which is in accordance with the recent literature [40][41][42][43][44]. Chitin has been reported to have the ability to induce cytokine production [45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Insect Live Larvae as Environmental Enrichment on Poultry Gut Health: Gut Mucin Composition, Microbiota and Local Immune Response Evaluation

Colombino

Biasato

Ferrocino

et al. 2021

Animals

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae as environmental enrichment on the mucin composition, local immune response and microbiota of broilers. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (six replicates/treatment; ten animals/replicate): (i) control (C); (ii) C+HI; (iii) C+TM. Live larvae were distributed based on 5% of the expected daily feed intake. At slaughter (39 days of age), samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (twelve animals/diet) were submitted to mucin histochemical evaluation. Expression of MUC-2 and cytokines was evaluated by rt-qPCR in jejunum. Mucin staining intensity was not influenced by diet (p > 0.05); however, this varied depending on the intestinal segment (p < 0.001). No significant differences were recorded for IL-4, IL-6 TNF-α, MUC-2 and INF-γ gene expression in jejunum, while IL-2 was lower in the TM group compared to HI and C (p = 0.044). Caecal microbiota showed higher abundance of Clostridium, Saccharibacteria and Victivallaceae in the HI group, while Collinsella was higher in the TM group. The results suggested that live insect larvae did not impair mucin composition or local immune response, and can slightly improve caecal microbiota by enhancing a minor fraction of short chain fatty acid-producing taxa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Insect Live Larvae as Environmental Enrichment on Poultry Gut Health: Gut Mucin Composition, Microbiota and Local Immune Response Evaluation

Colombino

Biasato

Ferrocino

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…During the study, it was observed that fewer deproteinization cycles were needed to obtain clean chitin precipitate from BSF puparium (nine cycles), whereas more cycles were required for mealworm and cricket exuviae (13 cycles). This observation was comparable to previous studies employing a similar extraction method, in which 12-13 cycles of deproteinization were required to purify chitin from BSF source (D'Hondt et al, 2020;Soetemans et al, 2020).…”

Section: Application In Determining Chitin Content In Insect Residual Streamssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…This finding agrees with previous studies (Brigode et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020), where the chitin content in the BSF puparium was found to be the highest compared to other development stages. During puparium formation, it is likely that the insect cuticle is sclerotized, and higher production of chitin occurs to increase protection before the pupal stage begins (Andersen, 2010;Soetemans et al, 2020). The lowest chitin content in tested BSF samples was observed in BSF adult flies, most likely due to the presence of other components that make up the intact biomass, such as protein and lipids (Brigode et al, 2020).…”

Section: Application In Determining Chitin Content In Insect Residual Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin Determination in Residual Streams Derived From Insect Production by LC-ECD and LC-MS/MS Methods

Nurfikari¹,

Boer²

2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Chitin, a biopolymer present in fungi and arthropods, is a compound of interest for various applications, such as in the agricultural and medical fields. With the recently growing interest in the development of insect farming, the availability of chitin-containing residual streams, particularly the molting skins (exuviae), is expected to increase in the near future. For application purposes, accurate quantification of chitin in these insect sources is essential. Previous studies on chitin extraction and quantification often overlooked the purity of the extracted chitin, making the outcomes inconsistent and prone to overestimation. The present study aims to determine chitin content in the exuviae of three insect species mass-reared worldwide: black soldier fly (BSF), mealworm, and house cricket. Chitin was chemically extracted using acid and alkali treatments to remove minerals and proteins. The purity of extracted chitin was evaluated by hydrolyzing the chitin into glucosamine, followed by quantitative determination of the latter using two liquid chromatography methods: electrochemical detection (ECD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Both methods proved accurate and precise, without the need for labor-intensive derivatization steps. Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman plots showed that the glucosamine determination results obtained by the two methods were comparable, and there is no consistent bias of one approach vs. the other. The chitin content in extracted residues ranged between 7.9 and 18.5%, with the highest amount found in BSF puparium. In summary, the study demonstrated that (1) the residual streams of the insect farming industry have a great potential for utilization as an alternative chitin source, and (2) both LC-ECD and LC-MS/MS are reliable for the quantitative determination of glucosamine in insect chitin.

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“…In the context of shaping a circular economy, insect and especially black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens L.) production is expected to play an important role: BSF can be reared on manifold organic waste substrates, even manures (Diener et al 2011), and the processed larvae can be used as protein component in animal feeds such as for pets (Freel et al 2021), poultry and pigs (Barragan-Fonseca et al 2017) or in aquaculture (Belghit et al 2019;Barragan-Fonseca et al 2017;Cummins et al 2017). Furthermore, it is possible to extract chitinous substances for the bioeconomy from BSF by-products (Soetemans et al 2020) or use the oil from the extraction of the larvae for biodiesel (Surendra et al 2016) or cosmetics (Rabani et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compilation of Black Soldier Fly Frass Analyses

Gärttling

Schulz

2021

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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In the context of black soldier fly (BSF) rearing, often the residues from production — mainly faeces but also undigested substrate — are addressed as frass in a broader sense. As BSF production is expanding, the valorization of BSF frass as organic fertilizer is gaining importance. However, in contrast to established organic fertilizers, little is known on the properties and variation of this by-product, which is essential for assessing possible application purposes. To elaborate a first overview on this relatively new waste stream, BSF frass analyses from the literature and anonymized frass analyses enquired from BSF producers were compiled. For a possible agricultural use as a fertilizer, their nutrient patterns were assessed. With a balanced nitrogen:phosphorous pentoxide:potassium oxide (N:P2O5:K2O) ratio of 1:0.9:1.1, BSF frass can be characterized as a slightly alkaline (pH 7.5), nutrient-rich compound fertilizer, with the nutrient and especially the micronutrient contents showing high variation. The comparably high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and low shares of ammonium nitrogen indicate a limited immediate nutrient release and point to possible applications of frass as a long-term fertilizer. The use of frass as an organic fertilizer as one element in a fertilization strategy is promising. By improving nutrient cycling back to the field, BSF frass can represent an important element of sustainable circular agriculture. However, more information on BSF feed and production systems needs to be combined with the nutrient analyses to better understand the variation in frass nutrient contents.

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Characteristics of chitin extracted from black soldier fly in different life stages

Cited by 134 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of Insect Live Larvae as Environmental Enrichment on Poultry Gut Health: Gut Mucin Composition, Microbiota and Local Immune Response Evaluation

Effect of Insect Live Larvae as Environmental Enrichment on Poultry Gut Health: Gut Mucin Composition, Microbiota and Local Immune Response Evaluation

Chitin Determination in Residual Streams Derived From Insect Production by LC-ECD and LC-MS/MS Methods

Compilation of Black Soldier Fly Frass Analyses

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