Characteristics of crab shells and green mussel shells as potential chitosan material from Karangantu, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract

Shells are a waste of crab (Portunus pelagicus) and green mussels (Perna viridis) waste in Karangantu. That is a problem for the environment with a large number. One solution is to use it as a raw material for chitosan. This study aims to see the potential of crab shells and green mussel shells as well as raw materials for chitosan biomaterials. This research used shell waste of P. pelagicus and P. viridis (3 replications). The stages of the method of this research include the preparation of raw materials, manufacture of chitosan, and analysis product. Parameters measured in this study include yield, moisture, ash, degree of deacetylation, and viscosity. The results showed that the yield, ash, and viscosity of green mussels shells were higher than that of crab shells, but the moisture and degree of deacetylation were lower. These results indicate that crab shells are better than clam shells, although the yield is lower as a potential for making chitosan from waste in Karangantu.

Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan from Green Mussel Shells (Perna viridis): A Comparative Study

“…A similar DDA value has been reported on green mussel shell (48.68%) [2], mealworm cuticles (53.9%) [9], horse mussel (57.43%) [11], and Pinna bicolor shell (59.76%) [13]. However, the DDA of chitosan extracted from green mussel shells in the present study showed a lower value than that of crab shell (88.29%) [2], P. visidis (93.4%) [3], cicada slough (84.1%), silkworm chrysalis (85.5%), mealworm (85.9%), grasshopper (89.7%), and shrimp shells (91.2%) [5]. The differences in the results of DDA might be attributed to the variation in species, nature, location, the initial compositions of raw material, chitosan processing methods (such as deproteinization, demineralization, decolorization, and deacetylation), and their conditions (heating temperature and time, and alkali concentrations) [7,8].…”

“…Furthermore, the yield of chitosan also depends on the extraction method. The yield of chitosan extracted from green mussel shells in the present study was lower than the yield of chitosan from the shell of a green mussel shell (11.60%) [2], cicada slough (28.2%), silkworm chrysalis (3.1%), mealworm (2.5%), grasshopper (5.7%), shrimp shells (14.5%) [5], mantis shrimp shells (14.13-15.79%) [11], horse mussel (Modiolus modiolus) (10.21%) [14], and house cricket (Brachytrupes portentosus) (2.4-5.8%) Values are given as mean ± SD from n = 3 determination of yield, DDA, solubility, WBC, FBC; n = 5 determination of color attributes. Different superscripts in the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).…”

“…Furthermore, the low DDA may suggest an incomplete deacetylation process [7]. A similar DDA value has been reported on green mussel shell (48.68%) [2], mealworm cuticles (53.9%) [9], horse mussel (57.43%) [11], and Pinna bicolor shell (59.76%) [13]. However, the DDA of chitosan extracted from green mussel shells in the present study showed a lower value than that of crab shell (88.29%) [2], P. visidis (93.4%) [3], cicada slough (84.1%), silkworm chrysalis (85.5%), mealworm (85.9%), grasshopper (89.7%), and shrimp shells (91.2%) [5].…”

“…As a result, many thousands of tons of mussel shells are left over from the seafood processing industry per year, disposed of in landfills, and discarded in public areas, which causes environmental and health problems. It has been reported that the green mussel shells contain chitin compounds in a range of 14-35% [2,3], which is suitable for use as a starting material to produce biomaterials such as chitosan. Thus, this is an alternative way to add value to these byproducts.…”

“…In addition, the physicochemical, biological, and functional properties of the obtained chitosan are influenced by the variation in species, nature, location, the initial compositions of the raw material, chitosan processing methods (such as deproteinization, demineralization, decolorization, and deacetylation), and their conditions (heating temperature and time, and alkali concentrations) [7,8]. At present, the production of chitosan extracted from crustacean by-products or insects has been studied in crab shell [2], grasshopper, silkworm chrysalis [5], mealworm cuticles [5,9], shrimp shell [10], mantis shrimp shell [11], squid pen [12], Pinna bicolor shell [13], and horse mussel [14].…”