Characteristics of fluid‐induced resonances observed during microseismic monitoring

Tary, Jean Baptiste; Baan, Mirko van der; Sutherland, Bruce; Eaton, David W.

doi:10.1002/2014jb011263

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, it remains difficult to see if the observation of LF-and HF-SQs is due to attenuation of the high frequencies with the distance or to the source mechanism. Indeed, the rupture velocity may explain the difference in frequency content and low-frequency earthquakes are observed on tectonic faults (Shelly et al, 2006;Brown et al, 2009;Thomas et al, 2016). They are characterized by low magnitude (M w < 2) and short duration (< 1 s) and constitute at least part of the seismic tremor signal.…”

Section: Slopequake (Sq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a standard typology of endogenous landslide seismic sources

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The objective of this work is to propose a standard classification of seismic signals generated by gravitational processes and detected at close distances (<1 km). We review the studies where seismic instruments have been installed on unstable slopes and discuss the choice of the seismic instruments and the network geometries. Seismic observations acquired at 13 unstable slopes are analyzed in order to construct the proposed typology. The selected slopes are affected by various landslide types (slide, fall, topple and flow) triggered in various material (from unconsolidated soils to consolidated rocks). We investigate high-frequency bands (>1 Hz) where most of the seismic energy is recorded at the 1 km sensor to source distances. Several signal properties (duration, spectral content and spectrogram shape) are used to describe the sources. We observe that similar gravitational processes generate similar signals at different slopes. Three main classes can be differentiated mainly from the length of the signals, the number of peaks and the duration of the autocorrelation. The classes are the “slopequake” class, which corresponds to sources potentially occurring within the landslide body; the “rockfall” class, which corresponds to signals generated by rock block impacts; and the “granular flow” class, which corresponds to signals generated by wet or dry debris/rock flows. Subclasses are further proposed to differentiate specific signal properties (frequency content, resonance, precursory signal). The signal properties of each class and subclass are described and several signals of the same class recorded at different slopes are presented. Their potential origins are discussed. The typology aims to serve as a standard for further comparisons of the endogenous microseismicity recorded on landslides.

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Section: Slopequake (Sq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a standard typology of endogenous landslide seismic sources

et al. 2018

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“…Fracture seismic resonance signals can be initiated in several ways, by both external and internal influences. Examples include distant earthquake strains wave, abrupt responses to accumulated earth tides, isostatic and tectonic deformations, fault creep, and hydraulic stimulation: All contribute energy that can initiate and sustain fracture seismic resonances (e.g., Gomberg, 1996 [31]; Du et al, 2003 [32]; Thomas et al, 2009 [33]; Tary et al, 2014 [3,4]; Liang et al, 2017) [22].…”

Section: Fracture Seismic: Signal Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A spectrogram computed for data recorded during the startup of the first stage stimulation for a well in the Eagle Ford is shown in Figure 15 Figure 16 where the spectrogram for 13 min of trace data recorded during stimulation is shown along Tary (2014 [3,4]) shows that fracture seismic resonances and turbulent flow are correlated with changes in pressure and slurry rate during stimulation. An example of this correlation is shown in Figure 16 where the spectrogram for 13 min of trace data recorded during stimulation is shown along with the pressure and slurry rates used for the same 13 min.…”

Section: Identification Of Resonance and Turbulent Flow In Fracture Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper presents an end-to-end description of the fracture seismic method and presents examples that map subsurface connectivity structures. The fracture seismic method extends current passive methods by making use of harmonic resonances within the fracture that are caused by interfering Krauklis waves (Krauklis, 1962) [1] initiated by dislocations on fracture tips and internal fracture fluid flows (e.g., Frehner, 2014 [2]; [3,4]. The fracture emissions come from short duration energy pulses and harmonic resonances of the entire fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fracture Seismic: Mapping Subsurface Connectivity

Sicking

Malin²

2019

Geosciences

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Fracture seismic is the method for recording and analyzing passive seismic data for mapping the fractures in the subsurface. Fracture seismic is able to map the fractures because of two types of mechanical actions in the fractures. First, in cohesive rock, fractures can emit short duration energy pulses when growing at their tips through opening and shearing. The industrial practice of recording and analyzing these short duration events is commonly called micro-seismic. Second, coupled rock–fracture–fluid interactions take place during earth deformations and this generates signals unique to the fracture’s physical characteristics. This signal appears as harmonic resonance of the entire, fluid-filled fracture. These signals can be initiated by both external and internal changes in local pressure, e.g., a passing seismic wave, tectonic deformations, and injection during a hydraulic well treatment. Fracture seismic is used to map the location, spatial extent, and physical characteristics of fractures. The strongest fracture seismic signals come from connected fluid-pathways. Fracture seismic observations recorded before, during, and after hydraulic stimulations show that such treatments primarily open pre-existing fractures and weak zones in the rocks. Time-lapse fracture seismic methods map the flow of fluids in the rocks and reveal how the reservoir connectivity changes over time. We present examples that support these findings and suggest that the fracture seismic method should become an important exploration, reservoir management, production, and civil safety tool for the subsurface energy industry.

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“…Alternatively, attenuation measurements can help increase the bandwidth of seismic data to enhance their resolution (Wang, 2006;. In addition, attenuation measurements may contain information on perturbations in resonance frequencies, driven by variations in fluid flow and composition during hydraulic fracturing treatments (Tary et al, 2014c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of high-resolution time-frequency transforms to attenuation estimation

2017

Self Cite

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Attenuation estimates quantify the loss of energy of propagating seismic waves due to anelastic processes. It is often carried out in the frequency domain. The most well-known methods for attenuation estimation, such as the spectral ratio and frequencyshift methods, compare spectral shapes of waveforms along a given raypath. They require broad spectra such as those obtained with the Fourier transform and the continuous wavelet transform. These methods are incompatible with high-resolution time-frequency transforms, which drastically localize timefrequency information. On the other hand, these transforms indicate stronger resistance to noise and can be used in combination with the peak frequency method to estimate attenuation. We have applied high-resolution transforms, namely the synchrosqueezing transform, basis pursuit, and complete ensemble empirical-mode decomposition, to a synthetic wedge example and two seismic data set examples, a seismic reflection profile, and a vertical seismic profile (VSP). Results for the synthetic example find that most high-resolution transforms are able to reliably estimate quality factors. Using centroid frequencies, the seismic reflection profile exhibits local increases in centroid frequencies, which likely indicates imprints from apparent attenuation over intrinsic attenuation. Centroid frequencies and effective quality factors for the VSP are consistent for the different spectral estimation techniques. These three examples illustrate the value of high-resolution transforms for frequency and quality factor measurements.

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Characteristics of fluid‐induced resonances observed during microseismic monitoring

Cited by 14 publications

References 82 publications

Towards a standard typology of endogenous landslide seismic sources

Towards a standard typology of endogenous landslide seismic sources

Fracture Seismic: Mapping Subsurface Connectivity

Applications of high-resolution time-frequency transforms to attenuation estimation

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