Characteristics of heavy‐oil‐in‐water emulsions containing produced sand

Jamaluddin, A.K.M.; Bowen, C. T.; Gillies, Randall G.; Small, M.; Nazarko, T.W.

doi:10.1002/cjce.5450720229

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In a study of an analogous system of oil droplets and sand particles suspended in water, Jamaluddin et al (1994) measured the viscosity of suspensions, but only for solids fractions from 0-5 vol% .…”

Section: Viscosity Of Bubbly Slurriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas bubble retention and its effect on waste properties: Retention mechanisms, viscosity, and tensile and shear strengths

Gauglitz¹,

Rassat²,

Powell³

1995

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DISCLAIMERPortions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. Executive SummarySeveral of the underground nuclear storage tanks at Hanford have been placed on a flammable gas watch list, because the waste is either known or suspected to generate, store, and episodically release flammable gases. Because retention and episodic release of flammable gases from these tanks containing radioactive waste slurries are critical safety concerns, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL)(a) is studying physical mechanisms and waste properties that contribute to the episodic gas release from these storage tanks. This study is being conducted for Westinghouse Hanford Company as part of the PNL Flammable Gas project. Previous investigations have concluded that gas bubbles are retained by the slurry or sludge that has settled at the bottom of the tanks; however, the mechanisms responsible for the retention of these bubbles are not well understood.Understanding the rheological behavior of the waste, particularly of the settled sludge, is critical to characterizing the tendency of the waste to retain gas bubbles and the dynamics of how these bubbles are released from the waste. The presence of gas bubbles is expected to affect the rheology of the sludge, specifically its viscosity and tensile and shear strengths, but essentially no literature data are available to assess the effect of bubbles.The objectives of this study were to conduct experiments and develop theories to understand better how bubbles are retained by slurries and sludges, to measure the effect of gas bubbles on the viscosity of simulated slurries, and to measure the effect of gas bubbles on the tensile and shear strengths of simulated slurries and sludges. In addition to accomplishing these objectives, this study developed correlations, based on the new experimental data, that can be wed in large-scale computations of waste tank physical phenomena.For bubble retention experiments, a new method of creating retained bubbles was developed. Results show that dissolving soluble gases into the interstitial liquid followed by pressure reduction provides a suitable method of creating bubbles for measuring bubble retention in waste. An equilibrium CO, pressure of 2.4 x l(r Pa (20 psig) is sufficient to create good bubble nucleation and growth with slurries composed of water and glass beads. A pressure reduction rate of 6900 Palmin (1 psi/min) provided a controllable experiment.Experiments were completed to further quantify the transition between bubbles that grow by fingering between sludge particles, called dendritic bubbles, and bubbles that grow by displacing the sludge particles, which are referred to as round bubbles. Previously, a Bond number criterion, which is a ratio of gravitational to surface tension forces, was developed to define the transition between the two different mechanisms of bubble growth and retention. In the experiments conducted, the particle size and fluid and particle d...

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Section: Viscosity Of Bubbly Slurriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas bubble retention and its effect on waste properties: Retention mechanisms, viscosity, and tensile and shear strengths

Gauglitz¹,

Rassat²,

Powell³

1995

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“…Similarly, during secondary and enhanced oil recovery operations including water flooding, injection of chemicals or surfactant slug and nanofluid injection, complex emulsions may be formed, comprising more than two components, in the wellbore and the production line. Such occasions, as reported by Jamaluddin and Bowen (1994), may occur during the downhole emulsification for heavy oil production by alkaline/surfactant flooding. Therefore, it often occurs in reality that the produced W/O emulsion contains solid particles, which may significantly affect the rheological characteristics of the fluid depending on the volume fraction present (Pal et al 1992;Jamaluddin and Bowen 1994;Maria and Ilyin 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Although there are many studies of the viscosity and/ or rheological characteristics and modelling of the binarycomponent emulsions (Pal and Rhodes 1989;Jamaluddin and Bowen 1994;Tadros 1994;Aomari et al 1998;Pal 2001;Johnson and Ronningsen 2003;Luo and Gu 2007;Sefton and Sinton 2010;Schuch et al 2013;Pal 2014;Mandal and Bera 2015), similar investigations into rheological characteristics of ternary-component emulsions, comprising heavy oil-water with added solids, have been rarely reported. Nonetheless, the only known viscosity function for the ternary-component emulsion (water-in-oil emulsion with clay particles) was proposed by Pal et al (1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the effect of silica nanoparticles on the rheological characteristics of water-in-heavy oil emulsions

2019

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The effect of silica nanoparticles on the rheological characteristics of water-in-heavy oil emulsions has been investigated. Enhanced oil recovery methods for heavy oil production (most especially, thermal fluid injection) usually result in the formation of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. In reality, the emulsion produced also contains some fine solid mineral particles such as silica, which, depending on its quantity, may alter the viscosity and/or rheological properties of the fluid. A series of binary-component emulsions were separately prepared by dispersing silica nanoparticles [phase fraction, β s , = 0.5%-5.75% (wt/v)] in heavy oil (S/O suspension) and by dispersing water [water cut, θ w = 10%-53% (v/v)] in heavy oil (W/O emulsion). Ternary-component emulsions comprising heavy oil, water droplets and suspended silica nanoparticles (S/W/O) were also prepared with similar ranges of θ w and β s . The viscosity was measured at different shear rates (5.1-1021.4 s −1 ) and temperatures (30-70 °C). Both binary-component and ternary-component emulsion systems were observed to exhibit non-Newtonian shear thinning behaviour. The viscosity of the heavy oil and W/O emulsions increased in the presence of silica nanoparticles. The effect was, however, less significant below β s = 2% (wt/v). Moreover, a generalized correlation has been proposed to predict the viscosity of both binary-component and ternary-component emulsions.

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Characteristics of heavy‐oil‐in‐water emulsions containing produced sand

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Gas bubble retention and its effect on waste properties: Retention mechanisms, viscosity, and tensile and shear strengths

Gas bubble retention and its effect on waste properties: Retention mechanisms, viscosity, and tensile and shear strengths

Investigation into the effect of silica nanoparticles on the rheological characteristics of water-in-heavy oil emulsions

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