Characteristics of Ligands for the Ah Receptor and Sex Steroid Receptors in Hepatic Tissues of Fish Exposed to Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

Hewitt, L. Mark; Parrott, Joanne L.; Wells, Kelly; Calp, M. Kathryn; Biddiscombe, Susan; McMaster, Mark E.; Munkittrick, Kelly R.; Kraak, Glen J. Van Der

doi:10.1021/es0011212

Cited by 65 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thus, androstenedione is a good candidate for causing the observed masculinizations of mosquitofish; but the relative contribution of other steroid receptor ligands remains to be evaluated. Hewitt et al (37) showed that fish exposed to kraft pulp mill effluent accumulate androgen and estrogen receptor ligands in their livers. Taking the findings of induced male secondary sex characters into consideration, we have extensive evidence for the presence of masculinizing agents in pulp and paper mill effluents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a more restricted environment, such as in lakes or rivers, population effects are more likely to occur, whereas compensatory migration may be important on the coast over longer times. Several laboratories worldwide, including ours, are presently working on the identification of endocrine-disrupting substances in pulp and paper mill effluents (35)(36)(37)41,44). We hope the results from these studies will eventually enable an evaluation of possible technology adjustments in relation to the severity of the potential environmental consequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Male-biased sex ratios of fish embryos near a pulp mill: temporary recovery after a short-term shutdown.

Larsson

Förlin

2002

Environ Health Perspect

109

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In a previous study we showed that broods from the viviparous eelpout Zoarces viviparus were significantly male biased in 1998 in the vicinity of a large kraft pulp mill on the Swedish Baltic coast. One suggested hypothesis was that masculinizing compounds in the effluent were affecting gonadal differentiation of the embryos, resulting in skewed sex ratios. In this article, we present further evidence for a causal relationship between the exposure to the effluent and the male-biased sex ratios. Analyses of historical samples showed that the eelpout produced male-biased broods close to the mill in 1997 in addition to 1998. During 1999, the mill was shut down for 17 days, coinciding with the period when the gonads of the eelpout embryos differentiate. Subsequently, in the fall of 1999, the sex ratios were no longer male biased; however, the following year (2000), a significant male bias reappeared. Investigations at 13 sites for up to 4 years showed a relatively stable sex ratio around 50/50, with the exceptions by the mill and with few observations of deviating ratios at other sites. Several reports document endocrine disturbances in fish near pulp and paper mills, including the expression of male secondary sex characters in female fish. The repeatedly identified male bias at the investigated mill, the normalization after mill shutdown, and the reappearance the following year indicate that pulp mill effluents also can affect sex ratios of nearby fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male-biased sex ratios of fish embryos near a pulp mill: temporary recovery after a short-term shutdown.

Larsson

Förlin

2002

Environ Health Perspect

109

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“…This apparent improvement or recovery from 1994 is consistent with a significant reduction in dioxin concentrations in fish from the river since the conversion to ECF bleaching [22]. Dioxins have been shown to be associated with MFO induction in H4IIE cells incubated with extracts of livers of white sucker exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent [31]. Because data existed for only one year prior to conversion of the mills to ECF bleaching, however, it is not entirely certain that the responses seen in 1994 were the norm or that conditions had changed.…”

Section: Changes In Fish Responses Since Conversion To Ecfmentioning

confidence: 53%

Response of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) to pulp and paper mill effluent in the Androscoggin River, Maine, USA

Mower

Munkittrick

McMaster

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Adverse effects of pulp and paper mill effluent on fish populations have been well documented in many countries over the last two decades. Some of the initial studies were at mills with conventional chlorine bleaching and no secondary effluent treatment. Following installation of secondary treatment, changes in bleaching technology to elemental chlorine-free bleaching, and other process changes, adverse effects on fish were reduced or eliminated at some mills. Because no two mills are exactly alike, it is difficult to predict adverse impacts of any given mill on fish populations. In 1994, a study of female white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in the Androscoggin River, Maine, USA, showed induction of mixed function oxidase, reductions in gonad size and plasma estradiol, and an increase in plasma testosterone in fish downstream of discharges from three large bleached kraft pulp and paper mills, and host community municipal sewage treatment plants (STP). After all three mills switched to elemental chlorine-free bleaching in the late 1990s, studies from 2001 to 2003 found that the pattern of reproductive impacts on white sucker populations measured in 1994 was not repeated. In addition, population estimates of white sucker from 2002 to 2003 using mark-recapture techniques found that densities and biomass were well within the range of those of a reference population, and of those reported in the literature for unimpacted populations. Detailed studies immediately above and below each mill/sewage treatment plant showed no evidence of reproductive effects. However, a clear pattern of eutrophication was noted, which increased cumulatively downstream below each mill/STP.

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“…About half of the sampled stations had relative concentrations of β-sitosterol in the sediments at or above the range that may affect reproductive parameters of fish (i.e., between 0.01 and 1.2 ppm β-sitosterol; MacLatchy & Van der Kraak, 1995;Mellanen et al, 1999;Tremblay & Van der Kraak, 1999;Hewitt et al, 2000). Some of these stations were associated with river mouths and pulp mill industries (B-6, P-7, A-1), but others were far from these influences (e.g., A-12; Fig.…”

Section: Sources Of Phytosterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and sources of phytosterols in coastal and river sediments of south central Chile

Saavedra

Quiñones

Becerra

2014

lajar

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ABSTRACT. Phytosterols are potential endocrine-disrupting compounds. Quantification of phytosterols was carried out in sediments from four coastal zones and two rivers in south-central Chile. Sterol concentrations were determined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the sources of sedimentary organic matter were determined using sterol ratios and lipid biomarkers. Total sterol concentrations (0.03 to 10.4 µg g -1 ) were within the range reported for other marine ecosystems and the β-sitosterol concentration (0.01 to 2.01 µg g -1 ) was lower than previously reported for the upwelling system off Peru. Some coastal stations adjacent to the rivers had β-sitosterol of terrestrial origin. High concentrations of β-sitosterol were also found in sediments from more oceanic stations, supporting the notion that this sterol can also be produced by phytoplankton. No differences in the sterol concentration between the coastal zones were found. However, significant differences were found between almost all coastal zones and both rivers, and between rivers. At the station level and using different biomarkers of the source of organic matter, some areas were found to have a clear terrestrial influence; whereby it is assumed that the source of the phytosterols (especially β-sitosterol) would be vascular plants. The BioBío River and its mouth have a wide variety of sterols and lipids and high levels of cholesterol and epicholestanol, which is possibly related to the presence of domestic effluents derived from large cities. No clear spatial pattern emerge between the location of pulp mill industries and β-sitosterol sediment concentration, with the exception of one station located in the Gulf of Arauco. Keywords: phytosterols, biomarkers, endocrine disruption, pulp mill, Chile. Distribución y fuentes de fitoesteroles en sedimentos costeros y de ríos del centro-sur de Chile RESUMEN. Los fitoesteroles son potenciales disruptores endocrinos. Se cuantificaron fitoesteroles en sedimentos de cuatro zonas costeras y dos ríos en el centro-sur de Chile. Se determinó la concentración de esteroles utilizando cromatografía de gas con espectrómetro de masa y las fuentes de materia orgánica sedimentaria se determinaron utilizando proporciones de esteroles y biomarcadores lipídicos. Las concentraciones de esteroles totales (0,03 a 10,4 µg g -1 ) se encuentran dentro del rango informado para otros ecosistemas marinos y la concentración de β-sitosterol (0,01 a 2,01 µg g -1 ) fue menor que la previamente informada para el sistema de surgencia de Perú. Algunas estaciones costeras adyacentes a los ríos presentaron β-sitosterol de origen terrestre. Además se encontró una alta concentración de este compuesto en sedimentos de estaciones más oceánicas, confirmando que este esterol también puede ser producido por fitoplancton. Al considerar la concentración y presencia-ausencia de esteroles en sedimentos, no fue posible encontrar diferencias significativas entre las cuatro áreas costeras. Sin embargo, se obtuvo una clara diferencia entre la...

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Characteristics of Ligands for the Ah Receptor and Sex Steroid Receptors in Hepatic Tissues of Fish Exposed to Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

Cited by 65 publications

References 33 publications

Male-biased sex ratios of fish embryos near a pulp mill: temporary recovery after a short-term shutdown.

Male-biased sex ratios of fish embryos near a pulp mill: temporary recovery after a short-term shutdown.

Response of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) to pulp and paper mill effluent in the Androscoggin River, Maine, USA

Distribution and sources of phytosterols in coastal and river sediments of south central Chile

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