Characteristics of Menstruation in Women Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Ellerbrock, Tedd V.; Wright, Thomas; Bush, Timothy J.; Dole, Pamela; Brudney, Karen; Chiasson, Mary Ann

doi:10.1016/0029-7844(96)00047-6

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hence, no significant difference was found in the menstrual complaints or the frequency or pattern of menstrual cycle between the cases and controls. Similar findings were reported by Ellerbrock TV et al (1996) (13) and Shah PN et al(1994), (14) suggesting that neither the HIV infection nor the immunusuppression has a clinically relevant effect on menstruation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Study of Vaginal Infections, Cervical Cytology and Prevalence of Menstrual Problems in Hiv Infected Patients

Ghai¹,

Patankar²,

Thakre³

2015

jemds

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OBJECTIVE:To study vaginal infections, cervical cytology and prevalence of menstrual problems in HIV seropositive patients. METHODS: Study Design: hospital based non-randomized prospective observational study. Study Type: case control study. SAMPLE SIZE: 130 cases & 100 contols. INCLUSION CRITERIA: All married women in the age group of 20-55 yrs. Cases were taken from the seropositive women registered at the ART Centre willing to participate. Controls were HIV seronegative women attending gynaecology OPD. RESULTS: Out of the 130 cases, 78.4% were on ART & 21.5% were not on ART. In the present study, 87.09% of cases had abnormal Pap smear results compared to 29.09% of controls. 20% of cases had SILs compared to 8.18% of controls. Low grade intraepithelial lesions were 4.56 times more prevalent in cases. In the present study, it was found that 44.4% of SILs were found in cases with CD4 cell count <200/µl. When studied for lower reproductive tract infections, 54.6% of cases had LRTIs compared to 30% of controls. The most common infection was candidiasis, found in 20% cases vs. 10% controls. CONCLUSION: The present study has shown that the prevalence of Pap smear abnormalities & LRTIs is higher in HIV seropositive women. Hence, periodic gynaecological testing, Pap smear examination & vaginal swab testing should be done in HIV seropositive women to provide timely treatment & early identification of risk factors of malignancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Study of Vaginal Infections, Cervical Cytology and Prevalence of Menstrual Problems in Hiv Infected Patients

Ghai¹,

Patankar²,

Thakre³

2015

jemds

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“…Of note, free testosterone levels were below normal in one-third of HIV-infected women with normal weight, half of those with up to 10% of body weight loss, and two-thirds of those with more severe weight loss, of whom 38% were amenorrheic (Grinspoon et al, 1997). Generally, however, menstrual cycles of HIV-infected women are normal or only slightly irregular (Ellerbrock et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the early 1990s, before availability of HAART and the current obesity epidemic (Flegal et al, 2002), one-fifth of HIV-infected women in New York City reported losing more than 10% of their usual body weight (Ellerbrock et al, 1996). Then, during the first year on HAART, BMI increased dramatically, almost entirely with fat (Silva et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of breast, ovary, and uterine corpus cancers among 85 268 women with AIDS

et al. 2006

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By linking HIV/AIDS and cancer surveillance data in 12 US regions, breast and reproductive cancer risks with AIDS were compared to those in the general population. Trends in standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were assessed by CD4 count, AIDS-relative time, and calendar time. Standardized incidence ratios were indirectly adjusted for cancer risk factors using data from AIDS cohort participants and the general population. With AIDS, 313 women developed breast cancer (SIR 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 -0.77), 42 developed ovary cancer (SIR 1.05, 95% CI, 0.75 -1.42), and 31 developed uterine corpus cancer (SIR 0.57, 95% CI, 0.39 -0.81). Uterine cancer risk was reduced significantly after age 50 (SIR 0.33). Breast cancer risk was reduced significantly both before (SIR 0.71) and after (SIR 0.66) age 50, and was lower for local or regional (SIR 0.54) than distant (SIR 0.89) disease. Breast cancer risk varied little by CD4 count (P trend ¼ 0.47) or AIDS-relative time (P trend ¼ 0.14) or after adjustment for established cancer risk factors. However, it increased significantly between 1980 and 2002 (P trend ¼ 0.003), approaching the risk of the general population. We conclude that the cancer deficit reflected direct or indirect effects of HIV/AIDS and that anti-HIV therapy reduced these effects. Increasing numbers of women have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and now are living with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The effects of AIDS on women, particularly in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), are not well defined. In the era before HAART, the risks of developing Kaposi sarcoma, anal cancer, and perhaps lymphoma were lower for women than for men with AIDS (Beral and Newton, 1998;Goedert, 2000). Other than cervical cancer, no differences by gender have been reported for the few other malignancies found in excess among people with AIDS (PWA) (Goedert et al, 1998;Frisch et al, 2001).Breast cancer may occur less often in women with AIDS than in the general population (Goedert et al, 1998;Frisch et al, 2001). Ovary and uterine corpus cancers have not been associated with AIDS or other immune deficiencies, but weak associations or susceptible subgroups may have been overlooked because these malignancies are relatively rare. No previous study has evaluated the effects of improving anti-HIV therapies or whether differences in cancer incidence might merely reflect differences in known risk factors for cancer.Using population-based data, we have investigated whether the risk of breast, ovary, or uterine corpus cancers differ for women with AIDS, whether breast cancer risk differs with increasing severity or duration of immune deficiency, or with increasing availability and efficacy of anti-HIV therapies; also whether menopause or selected risk factors modify or explain any associations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Detection and definition of cancersFrom 2003 through 2005, we linked HIV/AIDS and cancer registration data (including name, race, sex, dates of birth and de...

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“…Interestingly, a decrease in premenstrual symptoms among HIV infected women was reported, which was felt to be due to an increase in anovulatory cycles. Other studies show no association between HIV serostatus and amenorrhea (18,19). Among these is a large prospective study using menstrual diaries (20).…”

Section: Menstrual Disordersmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…HPV is clearly associated with HIV infection, but this association has been difficult to elucidate. Several longitudinal studies of HPV infection have demonstrated that HIV-infected women are more likely than HIV-negative women to have cervical HPV of all types: low risk types (6,11,26,40,53,54,55,66,83,84), medium risk types (33,35,39,51,52,56,58,59,68,73,82), and high risk types (16,18,31,45), more likely to have persistence of cervical HPV over time, and more likely to have a high viral signal of their HPV. Moreover HPV persistence is associated with CD4 counts <200 cells/µl, and the presence of HPV is associated with an increase in progression and decrease in regression (55,65,79,80).…”

Section: Lower Genital Tract Neoplasiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynecologic issues in the HIV-infected woman

Cejtin

2003

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America

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Characteristics of Menstruation in Women Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

Study of Vaginal Infections, Cervical Cytology and Prevalence of Menstrual Problems in Hiv Infected Patients

Study of Vaginal Infections, Cervical Cytology and Prevalence of Menstrual Problems in Hiv Infected Patients

Risk of breast, ovary, and uterine corpus cancers among 85 268 women with AIDS

Gynecologic issues in the HIV-infected woman

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