Characteristics of Metals in Nano/Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Particles Collected Beside a Heavily Trafficked Road

This study investigates the chemical components of biomass burning (BB) aerosols obtained from Doi Ang Khang (DAK; near BB source) and Chiang Mai University (CMU; an urban location) over northern Southeast Asia in dry season (March to mid-April) 2014. PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm) samples were collected over a 24-h sampling period as a part of the Seven South East Asian Studies ) and CMU (90.7-93.1 µg m -3 ) were not significantly different (p > 0.05) and well correlated (r = 0.8), and likely originated from similar source origins. The number of fire hotspots was particularly high during 20-21 March (greater than 200) and, consequently, peaks of PM 2.5 were recorded at both sites. The most abundant elements at both sampling sites were K (49-50% of total elements), Al (26-31%), Mg (16%) and Zn (4-7%), whereas SO 4 2-(30-38% of total ions), NO 3 -(13-20%), Na + (16-20%) and NH 4 + (14-15%) were the most abundant ions. Concentrations of levoglucosan and K + (BB tracers) were well correlated (r = 0.5 for CMU and 0.7 for DAK) confirming that the PM 2.5 detected in these areas were mainly influenced by BB activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that BB, road traffic, agricultural activity and soil re-suspension were plausible sources of PM 2.5 over the study locations. Apart from local sources, the influence of long-range transport was also investigated by way of three-day backward trajectory analysis.

Section: Concentrations Of Pm 25 -Bound Ionsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Zn concentration at CMU was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that at DAK. This is because Zn likely originates locally from brake or tire wear on automobiles (e.g., Lin et al, 2005;Jaafar et al, 2014). Therefore, it was likely higher at the urban site (CMU).…”

Section: Concentrations Of Pm 25 -Bound Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Biomass Burning Chemical Components over Northern Southeast Asia during 7-SEAS/BASELInE 2014 Campaign

Khamkaew

Chantara

Janta

et al. 2016

“…Mercury (Hg), one of the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), is a persistent, toxic, and bio-accumulative heavy metal, and is currently regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency of USA (USEPA) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (Nater and Grigal, 1992;Mason and Sheu, 1994;Schroeder and Munthe, 1998;Lin and Pehkonen, 1999;Boening, 2000;Mason and Sheu, 2002;Lin et al, 2005;Clarkson and Magos, 2006;Fu et al, 2010). Mercury and its derivatives are emitted from various natural and anthropogenic sources, as the latter being typically considered as the major sources of atmospheric mercury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Measurement of Total Gaseous Mercury and Its Correlation with Meteorological Parameters and Criteria Air Pollutants at a Coastal Site of the Penghu Islands

Jen

Chen

Hung

et al. 2014

This study investigated the seasonal and daily variations of the total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentration in the ambient atmosphere, the correlation of TGM concentration with meteorological parameters (e.g., temperature, humidity, and wind speed) and criteria air pollutant concentrations (e.g., SO 2 , NO x , CO, O 3 , PM 10 , and PM 2.5 ), as well as the transportation routes, at the Penghu Islands. The field measurement results showed that the average TGM concentration during the monitoring period was 3.17 ± 1.17 ng/m 3 , within the range of 1.17-8.63 ng/m 3 , with the highest concentration being observed in spring, while the TGM concentration typically increased in the morning, reached its peak concentration, and then started to decrease at nightfall. Moreover, the lowest average TGM concentration of 1.81 ± 0.15 ng/m 3 was observed in summer, and this figure is close to the background TGM concentration of the Northern Hemisphere (1.6-1.8 ng/m 3 ). The correlation analysis indicated that TGM concentration correlated positively with SO 2 , NO x , CO, O 3 , PM 10 , PM 2.5 and negatively with ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. In addition, the transportation route analysis showed that elevated TGM concentrations could be transported from either North China, East China, or South China to the Penghu Islands, while those originating from the South China Sea had the lowest contribution to the TGM levels at the Penghu Islands. Therefore, local sources and open burning might be mainly influenced by the long-range transportation of air masses, as the prevailing wind direction and air mass transportation routes potentially play critical roles in the variation of TGM concentration at the Penghu Islands.

“…Diesel engine exhausts (DEEs) may cause adverse health effects due to their varied chemical compositions, which include carbonaceous matter (Cheng et al, 2015), trace metals (Lin et al, 2005;Lin et al, 2008), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Lin et al, 2012;Lin et al, 2017) and even persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (Gullett and Ryan, 2002;Chang et al, 2014a;Chen et al, 2017). In urban areas, the emissions emitted from diesel engines contain pollutants harmful to human health, such as carcinogens * Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Organic Pollutant Reductions from a Diesel Engine Generator Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil-based Biodiesel Blended with Butanol and Acetone

Tsai

Lin

Chen

et al. 2017

Self Cite

This investigation focuses on the effects on emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) from a diesel engine fuelled by 20 vol% waste cooking oil-based biodiesel (W20) blended with various fractions of dehydrate/hydrous butanol (B/B′) and acetone (A/A′). The emission concentrations of the POPs were in the order PBDE ≫ PBDD/F > PCB > PCDD/F, regardless of the blending fuel or engine load. The POP with highest concentration was PBDE, being 2-3 times that of the others. Conversely, the magnitude of emitted toxicity followed the order PCDD/F > PCB ≈ PBDD/F, while PCDD/F emissions had about 10 times the toxicity concentrations of PCBs and PBDD/Fs. Among the dioxin compounds, the emissions of PCDDs represented 46-73% (average 57%) and 50-72% (average 59%) of total PCDD/F mass and toxicity concentrations, respectively, and were which and were thus significantly higher than those of PCDFs. The non-ortho-PCB contributed almost all toxicity (~100%) of 14 dioxin-like-PCBs, even though its contribution in mass was only 9-32% (average 16%) among the congeners. Similarly, PBDFs accounted for ~100% of toxicity of PBDD/Fs. Additionally, deca-BDEs contributed to most of the mass emissions of PBDEs (47.0-90.5%, 82.4% in average), while nona-BDEs and tri-to octaBDEs only contributed 10% and 8%, respectively. The reductions of the absolute mass concentrations of POPs from W20 were in the order PBDEs >> PBDD/Fs > PCDD/Fs ≈ PCBs for all multi-component diesel blends. The reduction fractions of POPs were in the order PCDD/F > PCB ≈ PBDD/F > PBDE, and those of TEQ were PCDD/F > PCB > PBDD/F. Thus, the addition of butanol and acetone, whether pure or hydrous, could further lower the POP emissions from W20.