Characteristics of oxidative wear and oxidative mildwear

Effects of sliding velocity on tribo-oxides and wear behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

“…While at 4 m/s, the worn surfaces showed different morphologies from metal wear at 2.68 m/s, under a low load. Many white particles appeared on worn surfaces, as the load increased, and a compacted tribo-layer regions formed with a few delamination regions ( Fig.4(e) and (f)), which is similar to the worn morphology of oxidative wear in steels [17,18]. The worn morphology at 0.75 m/s seemed to presented a composite pattern containing the delamination of metal tribo-layer and the formation of tribo-oxide layer, as shown in Fig.…”

Wear and corrosion behavior of laser surface engineered AISI H13 hot working tool steel

“…From Fig. 14a it is apparent that surface damage due to wear consists of deep scratches, oxide scale and material removal by delamination [25,26,29]. It is observed that the degree of delamination induced material removal is higher when applied load is lower while, on the other hand the degree of scratching is more when the applied load is higher.…”

“…The specific wear rate is the maximum when laser surface engineering is conducted with an applied laser energy density of 62.5 J/mm 2 , possibly due to its lowest hardness as compared to the treated surface with other parameters [21]. The decrease in specific wear rate with increase in load might be attributed to formation of oxide scale (tribolayer) on the surface caused by local rise in temperature when applied load was higher [25,26]. Fig.…”

“…However, the rate of decrease is very high for as received substrate, followed by that in laser surface engineered sample with a laser energy density of 62.5 J/mm 2 . A decrease in coefficient of friction with increase in applied load may be attributed to formation of oxide layer on the surface at higher load due to local rise in temperature which acts as barrier for adhesive bonding and hence, minimizes the adhesive wear [25,26]. On the other hand, in surface melted samples lased with a laser energy density of 100 J/mm 2 (curve 2) and 75 J/mm 2 (curve 3), the rate of decrease of coefficient of friction is rather slow which might be attributed to the presence of uniformly distributed carbides on the surface which hinders the adhesive bond formation [13].…”

“…Localized plastic deformation, material removal and oxidation are due to very high concentration of pressure at the point of contact of the mating surface causing local rise in temperature and hence, oxidation during wear. Application of very high load increases the area of local plastic deformation and hence, removal of material due to wear and also oxide formation in different zones [25,26]. Fig.…”