Characteristics of populations of the coelomic fluid and coelomic epithelium cells from the starfish Asterias rubens L. able attach to and spread on various substrates

Abstract

Cultivation is one of the methods of modeling processes occurring in vivo. The success of cultiva tion, in particular, depends on the choice of substrate. We studied the ability of coelomocytes and coelomic epithelial cells to be attached and spread on fibronectin, laminin, polylysine, and glass. The qualitative com position of heterogeneous populations of coelomocytes and epithelial cells was determined after staining the cells with rhodamine phalloidin and DAPI, and changes in the composition of populations were evaluated in response to trauma. Seven arbitrary classes of coelomocytes have been identified, three of them being shown to participate in clot formation during primary wound reparation. There was a change in the percentage of these cells attached to specific ligands in response to trauma. In coelomic epithelium, eight arbitrary classes of cells have been identified, two of them being probable candidates for the role of progenitor cells for coelo mocytes-coelomocyte like and small epithelial cells with a high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio. Enrichment with the small cells in a population of attached coelomic epithelium cells has been revealed when seeding on laminin. Preservation of viability of epithelial cells has been shown when cultured on laminin for 2 months.

Characterization of Coelomic Fluid Cell Types in the Starfish Marthasterias glacialis Using a Flow Cytometry/Imaging Combined Approach

“…Based mainly on results relating to ploidy, cell cycle and morphology, we suggest that the several P2 cytotypes described above represent morphologically and functionally differentiated sub-populations, possibly originating from a P1 progenitor pool. These undifferentiated cells could correspond to the undifferentiated “lymphocytes” often described in echinoderms ( 3 ) and could be the progenitors of at least this coelomocyte sub-population, as suggested for the undifferentiated cells of A. rubens ( 48 ), or even be bona fide stem cells with a relevant role in starfish regeneration processes. This hypothesis is in accordance with Gorshkov et al ( 18 ) who also proposed that some cell morphotypes could correspond to diverse differentiation or activation stages.…”

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

“…Arm explant and arm regeneration, after both traumatic and auto-induced mutilations, have been investigated to understand which cells, genes and proteins are involved in these processes (Figure 6). Recruitment of adult resident undifferentiated cells is much less evident in asteroids than in crinoids: the pyloric caeca and the coelomic epithelium have been proposed as sources of presumptive stem/progenitor cells, but in both cases dedifferentiation of the highly specialized cells of these tissues probably occurs prior to recruitment (Hernroth et al, 2010;Sharlaimova et al, 2010;Sharlaimova and Petukhova, 2012;Ben Khadra et al, 2015b, 2018b. As described for the ophiuroids, at the onset of the early regenerative phase, the dedifferentiated cells at the tip of the re-growing structures, as well as epidermal cells, undergo intense proliferation (Mladenov et al, 1989;Moss et al, 1998).…”

A combined characterization of coelomic fluid cell types in the spiny starfishMarthasterias glacialis– inputs from flow cytometry and imaging

“…The cytoplasm staining and appearance of this latter cell type also resembles the clotting coelomocytes previously described. These undifferentiated cells could correspond to the undifferentiated "lymphocytes" often described in echinoderms (3)and can be the progenitors of at least this coelomocyte subpopulation, as suggested for the undifferentiated cells of A. rubens (45) or even be stem cells with a relevant role in starfish regeneration processes.…”