Characteristics of Rain-Induced Attenuation over Signal Links at Frequency Ranges of 25 and 38 GHz Observed in Beijing

Abstract

Wireless communication has become a very important part of our lives, and it is well known that meteorological factors affect the quality of communication links, especially at higher frequencies because the physical dimensions of raindrops, hail stones, and snowflakes are on a similar wavelength to the propagating radio frequency. Millimeter-waves are an important technology for fifth-generation cellular networks which are currently being deployed all over the world. Since atmospheric effects are challenging in millimeter-wave transmissions, in this paper, we conducted line-of-sight field measurements at 25 GHz and 38 GHz. We monitored the received signal during rainfall events and compared the theoretical attenuation and the recorded rain-induced attenuation. We also derived the rain-induced attenuation (A) and rainfall rate (R) relation for stratiform and convective rain, respectively, using local rain drop size distribution (DSD) information at our measurement site collected during the period of two years. Furthermore, opportunistic sensing of atmospheric phenomena using microwave or millimeter-wave communication links in commercial cellular networks has recently attracted more attention in meteorological research worldwide. The accuracy of calculating rainfall rates from microwave links highly depends on the retrieval model and values of coefficients in the model, i.e., a and b of the A-R relation model. Here, the coefficients a and b are estimated based on local DSD measurement, and the performance of the improved A-R model is evaluated using propagated signal power based on measurement data. Compared to the (a, b) coefficients in the International Telecommunication Union Recommendation (ITU-R) P.838 document, the derived coefficients achieved an improved rainfall rate estimation.

A Review on Rainfall Measurement Based on Commercial Microwave Links in Wireless Cellular Networks

“…Song et al [32] calculated the specific attenuation and rainfall intensity based on DSD, and then the relationship between specific attenuation and rainfall intensity was obtained by using nonlinear fitting. Han et al [33] also confirmed that the coefficients a and b in k-R relationship of stratiform and convective rain can be estimated based on local DSD measurement, and compared to the coefficients in the ITU-R P.838 document, the derived coefficients achieved an improved rain rate estimation. DL has outstanding advantages in solving the problem of complex dependent data association mining.…”

“…The attenuation caused by rainfall and the average rain rate are linearly correlated if b ≈ 1. Other than Equation ( 1), the values of the rain rate R and the specific attenuation k can be estimated based on DSD refer to [32,33], i.e.,…”

New Insights Into Scavenging Effect of Aerosol Species During Summer Rainfall Process in Beijing

“…The rain measurement was conducted on the roof of building 40 of IAP, ∼950 m to the northeast of the sampling site, using an OTT Parsivel 2 precipitation particle disdrometer (https://www.ott.com/products/meteorological-sensors-26/ott-parsivel2-laser-weather-sensor-2392) with time resolution of 10 s from 2019 to 2022 (Han et al., 2021). The rainfall intensity (RI) was then calculated and compared with that obtained at eight meteorological stations in urban Beijing (Figure S1 in Supporting Information ), and the rainfall measurements at different sites agreed reasonably well (Luo et al., 2021).…”

Research and application of satellite communication rainfall attenuation management system

“…At presentIn the existing rainfall attenuation estimation methods, the basic idea is to estimate the statistical value of the maximum rainfall attenuation according to different time probabilities [4]. The difference only lies in the different values of rainfall area, rainfall intensity and rainfall height.…”