Characteristics of silicon and phytolith distribution in bamboo (Ferrocalamus strictus): variations between different organs and ages

Xu, Rui; He, Honglan; Guo, Huijun; Zhu, Fei; Wang, Shuguang; Dai, Cefeng; Zheng, Xiaofeng; Xie, Dongbo; Li, Haoming; Wang, Changming; Zhan, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104817

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…SEM was applied to observe the morphology of bamboo green, and the results under roofed and unroofed conditions are presented in Figure 11 and Figure 12 , respectively. The surface of the control samples was generally overlayed with ridges or flaky wax, and the sphere silicon cells were hidden underneath ( Figure 11 a,b) [ 93 , 94 ]. After 4 weeks of exposure, the wax on the bamboo surface, even in roofed conditions, which is free from rain and direct sunlight, became thinner or partially missing, leaving the protruding sphere silicon cells ( Figure 11 c,d).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Succession of Fungal Community during Outdoor Deterioration of Round Bamboo

An,

Han,

Ren

et al. 2023

JoF

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Bamboo’s mechanical and aesthetic properties are significantly influenced by fungi. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the structure and dynamics of fungal communities in bamboo during its natural deterioration. In this study, fungal community succession and characteristic variations of round bamboo in roofed and unroofed environments over a period of 13 weeks of deterioration were deciphered using high-throughput sequencing and multiple characterization methods. A total of 459 fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) from eight phyla were identified. The fungal community’s richness of roofed bamboo samples showed an increasing trend, whereas that of unroofed bamboo samples presented a declining trend during deterioration. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla throughout the deterioration process in two different environments: Basidiomycota was found to be an early colonizer of unroofed bamboo samples. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) analysis suggested that the deterioration time had a greater impact on fungal community variation compared to the exposure conditions. Redundancy analysis (RDA) further revealed that temperature was a major environmental factor that contributed to the variation in fungal communities. Additionally, the bamboo epidermis presented a descending total amount of cell wall components in both roofed and unroofed conditions. The correlation analysis between the fungal community and relative abundance of three major cell wall components elucidated that Cladosporium was negatively correlated with hemicellulose in roofed samples, whereas they presented a positive correlation with hemicellulose and a negative correlation with lignin in unroofed samples. Furthermore, the contact angle decreased during the deterioration process in the roofed as well as unroofed samples, which could arise from the degradation of lignin. Our findings provide novel insights into the fungal community succession on round bamboo during its natural deterioration and give useful information for round bamboo protection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Succession of Fungal Community during Outdoor Deterioration of Round Bamboo

An,

Han,

Ren

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…Li et al [41] found that the morphotypes of phytoliths in bamboo leaves were diverse, including long saddle, fan, rectangular, elongate, hairs, and silicified stomata-shaped phytoliths. Dumb-bell and saddle phytoliths originated from short cells [3], which made a great contribution to the total percentage of phytoliths in bamboo [14,15,42,43], and the high morphological diversity of saddles inside the subfamily Bambusoideae might be related to the earliest origin of the Poaceae family [42]. In the present study, we observed that the phytolith assemblage in D. brandisii seedling leaves raised by different methods was characterized by a high frequency of bilobates and saddles, accounting for more than 60% of the total (Figure 5), which was consistent with previous studies.…”

Section: Morphotypes and Proportions Of Phytoliths In Different D Bra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The silicon content and phytolith morphology varied among different tissues and organs of the bamboo [14]. Bamboo leaves had significantly higher silicon content and a greater diversity of phytolith morphotypes than any other organs [14,15]. Silicon deposition and phytolith concentration on the leaf surface increased with leaf aging [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Uptake and Phytolith Morphology in Dendrocalamus brandisii Seedling Leaf from Different Rearing Methods

Dai,

Xu,

et al. 2023

Forests

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The moisture, ash, and silicon content, as well as the phytolith morphotype and concentration in the tissue-cultured, seed-cultured, and grafted seedling leaves of Dendrocalamus brandisii were determined to investigate the differences in silicon uptake and phytolith morphology in the leaves from different rearing methods. The results showed that ash, silicon content, and phytolith concentration were higher in the mature leaves. Tissue-cultured seedlings had a significantly higher moisture content than grafted seedlings. Ash and silicon demonstrated the same order of grafted seedlings > tissue-cultured seedlings > seed-cultured seedlings. The highest phytolith concentration was found in tissue-cultured seedlings. The phytolith morphotypes in D. brandisii seedling leaves raised by different methods were identical and grouped into eight morphotypes. The phytolith assemblage was characterized by a high frequency of bilobate and saddle, accounting for more than 60%, whereas the morphotypes of elongate, blocky, flabellate, and circular phytoliths accounted for the smallest proportion, normally all below 4.5%. The phytolith size demonstrated an increasing trend in the maturing leaves. The sizes of bilobate, saddle, and acute phytoliths expanded the fastest in tissue-cultured seedling leaves, implying rapid growth of the cell in tissue-cultured seedlings. Accordingly, the tissue-cultured seedlings contained more silicon and phytoliths of larger sizes, which could be a better choice of stock supply for establishing large-scale plantations. If the stock of the seed-cultured and grafted seedlings is to be used, silicon fertilizer application is an optimal option to boost seedling growth.

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“…Bamboo is considered to be an important type of forest resource with long ber length, rapid growth and excellent timber properties (Ogunwusi et al 2022). China is rich in bamboo resources, with a total of 941 species in 43 genera, nearly 50% of which are distributed in Yunnan Province (Xu et al 2023). With the overextraction of timber resources, the con ict between supply and demand continues to aggravate, the expansion of bamboo plantations for pulp and papermaking (Cai et al 2020), furniture decoration (Raydan et al 2021), arti cial composite boards (Fu et al 2012) and ber textiles (Lian et al 2022) provides an alternative solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sampling was referred to the method fromXu et al (2023). Three bamboo culms of F. strictus from three distribution areas in each of the three age groups (1, 2, and ≥ 3 years old) were cuted.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fiber morphological characteristics of bamboo Ferrocabamus strictus culms from different geographical distribution regions

Zheng,

Xu,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The fiber index including fiber length, width, wall thickness and lumen diameter of Ferrocalamus strictus culms (1, 2, and ≥ 3 years) from Jinping, Mojiang and Lvchun counties of Yunnan Province was determined and the elemental content of the soil was also determined to analyze the influence of the culm age and height and soil content on the fiber characteristics. The average relative fiber index measured for F. strictus culms were fiber length (1.30 mm), width (21.57 µm), slenderness ratio (60.79 µm), wall thickness (4.21 µm), lumen diameter (7.22 µm), and runkel ratio (1.22 µm), which belonged to the range of middle and long fibers. The fiber length increased with the culm age. The proportion of long fiber increased while short fibers decreased along with culm maturing. The fiber morphology did not show a specific trend with the culm height. Fiber length reached the maximum in the bottom portions of the culms. There is a correlation between fiber morphology and soil elements, the content of organic matter, total potassium, total sulfur, total aluminum, total zinc, total iron, total boron, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen amd available silicon in the soil affects fiber morphology. The content of organic matter, total boron, available potassium and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil from Mojiang County was largest. Comparatively, the culm fiber in Mojiang County had the best fiber index performance for utilization, since the greatest proportion of medium and long fibers and the optimal distribution of fiber length frequency was obtained from the culms in Mojiang County. This study can provide a theoretical basis for large-scale bamboo forest cultivation and the development and utilization of bamboo culm fiber.

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Characteristics of silicon and phytolith distribution in bamboo (Ferrocalamus strictus): variations between different organs and ages

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Succession of Fungal Community during Outdoor Deterioration of Round Bamboo

Succession of Fungal Community during Outdoor Deterioration of Round Bamboo

Silicon Uptake and Phytolith Morphology in Dendrocalamus brandisii Seedling Leaf from Different Rearing Methods

Fiber morphological characteristics of bamboo Ferrocabamus strictus culms from different geographical distribution regions

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