Characteristics of spatial distribution of throughfall in a lowland tropical rainforest, Peninsular Malaysia

Shinji, Konishi; Tani, Makoto; Kosugi, Yukio; Takanashi, Satoru; Sahat, Mohd Md; Nik, Abdul Rahim; Niiyama, Kaoru; Okuda, Toshinori

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.005

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…8). A similar relationship between the Th/Rg ratio and canopy openness was also observed in a natural tropical rain forest by Konishi et al (2006), who pointed out the fact large canopy openness coinciding with a large throughfall value is quite natural because such positions were located under poorly developed canopy cover. We postulated that the occurrence of Th/Rg ratios > 100% at large canopy openness points may be due to the fact that horizontal rainwater movement created by the crown of a large tree likely caused an intense dripping zone (Manfroi et al 2006).…”

Section: Box Plot Definitionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The vertex angle of the circular cone should be concentrated in a small area to investigate the relationship between canopy openness and throughfall distribution. Therefore, we decided upon an angle of 10.0°, which is similar to that used in a previous study in a tropical rain forest (Konishi et al 2006). …”

Section: Vegetation Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canopy openness is not always the controlling factor of throughfall distribution (Konishi et al 2006;Fig. 8) because it is two-dimensional information.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Throughfall At An Abandoned Skid Trailmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Throughfall at an Abandoned Skid Trail in a Tropical Rain Forest in Peninsular Malaysia

Noguchi

Negishi

Yusop³

et al. 2018

JARQ

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Knowledge of throughfall at abandoned skid trails in tropical forests is extremely scarce. Thus, throughfall was measured using 120 storage rain gauges set on a skid trail left abandoned 41 years after forest harvesting in the Bukit Tarek Experimental Watershed (BTEW) in Peninsular Malaysia. All trees of ≥ 1 m height in the plot were identified to the species level, and their diameter at breast height (DBH) and height were measured. Vegetation along the skid trail comprises trees with smaller DBH (0.2-31.0 cm, with a mean of 2.0 cm) and shorter height (1.0-20.0 m, with a mean of 2.8 m) than those in the regenerated secondary forests of BTEW. The diversity (i.e. 43 families, 131 species) at the skid trail was similar to that in an old tropical forest at BTEW. The ratio of throughfall to gross rainfall (Th/Rg) for 84 rain events ranged from 27.4% to 204.7% with a mean and standard deviation of 98.1% and 33.2%, respectively. We found that a considerable amount of rainwater dropped under bertam (i.e. Eugeissona tristis) and rattan (i.e. Daemonorops callicarpa, Calamus insignis) vegetation. The Th/Rg ratio weakly correlated with canopy openness. The mean Th/Rg ratio is the largest mean ratio ever reported for forests in Malaysia.

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Section: Box Plot Definitionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Vegetation Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Throughfall at an Abandoned Skid Trail in a Tropical Rain Forest in Peninsular Malaysia

Noguchi

Negishi

Yusop³

et al. 2018

JARQ

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“…Such overland flow is typically not steady state because rainfall intensity varies spatially and temporally during the storm [e.g., Wainwright and Parsons, 2002]. Under vegetation cover, spatial and temporal variation of precipitation tends to be greater and skewed [Wilson et al, 1979;Konishi et al, 2006]. More realistic approximations for such dynamic rainfall conditions include variable width (w) and flow depth (h) in equation (1), depending on the amount of excess rainfall intensity (i), and changes in the length of overland flow (L).…”

Section: Concept Of Hillslope Overland Flow and Its Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic runoff connectivity of overland flow on steep forested hillslopes: Scale effects and runoff transfer

Gomi

Sidle

Miyata

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

162

119

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[1] Both scaling effect and connectivity of overland flow were examined in steep hillslopes covered by (1) Japanese cypress (hinoki, Chamecyparis obtusa) plantations with sparse understory vegetation, (2) hinoki plantations with fern understory vegetation, and (3) deciduous forests. Two sizes of plots were installed for monitoring overland flow: small (0.5 Â 2 m) and large hillslope scale (8 Â 24-27 m). For all hillslopes, measurable amounts of overland flow occurred during storms. Runoff coefficients of large plots (0.1-3%) were consistently smaller than those of small plots (20-40%). Estimated runoff flow lengths at the hillslope scale were based on runoff coefficients from small plots and were used to calculate runoff volume from large plots. Then we compared the differences between observed and estimated runoff volumes of large plots. Estimated runoff from large plots was smaller than observed runoff in hinoki slopes with sparse understory vegetation. Greater amounts of observed compared to estimated overland flow suggest that more runoff occurred from hillslopes with sparse understory. In contrast, estimated overland flow was larger than observed runoff from the deciduous forest, implying greater opportunities for infiltration compared to hinoki hillslopes. Comparison of estimated versus observed overland flow for successive 5 min intervals during storms indicates that runoff networks expand upslope during short and intense precipitation periods. Our examination and comparison of storm runoff from small and large plots facilitate better understanding of runoff mechanisms, scaling effects in hillslopes, and connectivity of the overland flow network.

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“…First, the number of rain gauges for the throughfall observations was limited to three in this study. As a result, it is hard to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability in the throughfall measurement (ICP Forests, 2010;Konishi et al, 2006;Keim et al, 2005). Second, the contribution of the canopy interception loss and stemflow was neglected in this result.…”

Section: Estimation Of Fog Water Deposition Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Deposition and Behavior on Leaves in Cool-temperate Deciduous Forests. Part 2: Characteristics of Fog Water Chemistry and Fog Deposition in Northern Japan

Yamaguchi¹,

Noguchi²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2013

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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The fog water chemistry and deposition in northern Japan were investigated by fog water and throughfall measurements in 2010. Fog water was sampled weekly by an active-string fog sampler at Lake Mashu from May to November. Throughfall measurements were conducted using rain gauges under three deciduous trees along the somma of the lake from August to October. The mean fog deposition rate (flux) was calculated using throughfall data to estimate the total fog water deposition amount for the entire sampling period. NH 4 + + and SO 4 2-were the most abundant cation and anion, respectively, in the fog water samples. A mean pH of 5.08 in the fog water, which is higher than those in rural areas in Japan, was observed. The [NH 4 + + ]/[SO 4 2-] equivalent ratio in fog water was larger than 1.0 throughout the study period, indicating that NH 3 gas was the primary neutralizing agent for fog water acidity. The mean rate and total amount of fog water deposition were estimated as 0.15 mm h -1 and 164 mm, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and sulfate deposition via fog water deposition were corresponded to those reported values of the annual deposition amounts via rainfall.

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Characteristics of spatial distribution of throughfall in a lowland tropical rainforest, Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Throughfall at an Abandoned Skid Trail in a Tropical Rain Forest in Peninsular Malaysia

Throughfall at an Abandoned Skid Trail in a Tropical Rain Forest in Peninsular Malaysia

Dynamic runoff connectivity of overland flow on steep forested hillslopes: Scale effects and runoff transfer

Aerosol Deposition and Behavior on Leaves in Cool-temperate Deciduous Forests. Part 2: Characteristics of Fog Water Chemistry and Fog Deposition in Northern Japan

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