Characteristics of sprint, medium and long-distance swimmers

Shephard, Roy J.; Godin, G.; Campbell, Robin

doi:10.1007/bf00421569

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…An exception to the assertion that physical training has no positive effect on pulmonary function may be swimmers, particularly long-distance swimmers, who tend to have larger than normal lung volumes (35,97,108,137,476). However, a limitation of these cross-sectional studies is that swimmers may have a strong genetic predisposition for large lungs.…”

Section: Lungs and Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 80%

Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics

Sheel

Romer

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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During dynamic exercise, the healthy pulmonary system faces several major challenges, including decreases in mixed venous oxygen content and increases in mixed venous carbon dioxide. As such, the ventilatory demand is increased, while the rising cardiac output means that blood will have considerably less time in the pulmonary capillaries to accomplish gas exchange. Blood gas homeostasis must be accomplished by precise regulation of alveolar ventilation via medullary neural networks and sensory reflex mechanisms. It is equally important that cardiovascular and pulmonary system responses to exercise be precisely matched to the increase in metabolic requirements, and that the substantial gas transport needs of both respiratory and locomotor muscles be considered. Our article addresses each of these topics with emphasis on the healthy, young adult exercising in normoxia. We review recent evidence concerning how exercise hyperpnea influences sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow and the effect this might have on the ability to perform muscular work. We also review sex-based differences in lung mechanics.

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Section: Lungs and Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 80%

Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics

Sheel

Romer

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…Exceptional cases have been found in competitive female swimmers who demonstrated significant increases in vital capacity (F9%) and total lung capacity (F7%) following 12 weeks of intense endurance training [9]. Larger than average vital and total lung capacities have also been shown in long distance swimmers compared to sprint trained and noncompetitive swimmers [69] although the differences noted in this cross-sectional study could have been solely due to subject selection bias.…”

Section: Effects Of Endurance Training On the Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cardiovascular and Respiratory System Responses and Limitations to Exercise

Rodman¹,

Haverkamp²,

Gordon³

et al. 2002

Clinical Exercise Testing

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The design and dimensions of the healthy pulmonary system are nearly perfect to meet the considerable demands on O 2 transport and CO 2 elimination imposed by physical exercise. In our chapter, we briefly describe the features of the nervous system pathways and the structure of the airways, lung surface area and respiratory muscles which ensure both the completeness of gas exchange at the level of alveolar gas, pulmonary capillaries and arterial blood and the high level of mechanical efficiency with which the respiratory muscle pump operates. We also discuss the absence of a physical training effect on pulmonary vs. systemic structures which determine O 2 delivery and the implications of a relatively underbuilt lung and chest wall to exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia, diaphragm fatigue and the distribution of systemic vascular conductance and blood flow.

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“…Due to the specific biological demands of each position, it is reasonable to expect that physiological differences would distinguish the players representing these two positions. Differences in the physical and physiological characteristics of athletes within a given sport have been previously reported for football players (Wickkiser & Kelly, 1975;Wilmore & Haskell, 1972); track and field athletes (Malina, Harper, Avent, & Campbell, 1971;Shephard, Godin & Campbell, 1974); and swimmers (Vaccaro et al, 1984). However, there is no literature to date which characterizes women rugby players.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%