Characteristics of the electrical activity within the persistent left superior vena cava: Comparative view with reference to the ligament of Marshall

Electrical Connections between Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava and Left Atrium during Catheter Ablation for Atrial Tachycardia

“…Maruyama et al reported details of electrical activity within the LSVC during electrophysiological study. 11) The double potentials are similar to the potentials demonstrated in our case from the LSVC. They recorded double potentials in LSVC and showed activation sequence of the second components during sinus rhythm and pacing study.…”

Persistent left superior vena cava: Case reports and clinical implications

“…Both AV node and sinus node can show persistent fetal dispersion in the central fibrous body in subjects with persistent LSVC [9]. The persistent LSVC through its multiple anatomical and electrical communications with the atria may generate repetitive rapid discharges with shorter activation cycle length that promotes the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation and sudden death [2,10,12]. Several recent studies demonstrated that the ligament of Marshall, which contains the vein of Marshall, is important in arrhythmogenesis through its muscle sleeves which continue into the coronary sinus forming an inferior inter-atrial pathway [7,8].…”

Long-term follow-up after pacemaker implantation via persistent left superior vena cava

“…In each case, the ectopic beats initiated AF. Electrical activity of PLSVC and many electrical connections between PLSVC and the LA, and between PLSVC and CS were reported by Maruyama et al [7] in a 25-year-old man with a Wolff--Parkinson-White syndrome, who underwent radiofrequency ablation. Thus, the electrical properties of PLSVC may play a role in the genesis of atrial tachyarrhythmias.…”

“…PLSVC occurs in 3-10% of patients with other congenital cardiac malformations, most often with the atrial septal defect. An important clinical implication of PLSVC is its influence on different types of arrhythmias [5][6][7]. There are some case reports concerning patients with PLSVC [8][9][10][11][12], but not a long-term observations after PM implantation.…”