Characteristics of the marine environment and algal blooms in Gamak Bay

Abstract

This study was conducted to gain insight into the characteristics of algal blooms in relation to the marine environment of Gamak Bay. From the first known occurrence of algal blooms in 1984 until 2006, 23 causal species have been identified, the most common ones being Prorocentrum sp., Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Chaetoceros sp., Skeletonema costatum, and Heterosigma akashiwo. A principal component analysis indicated that blooms of these species develop under different conditions in terms of water temperature, salinity, precipitation, and insolation. Field data showed Cochlodinium polykrikoides to be favored by high temperatures and to be euryhaline, whereas Skeletonema costatum appeared to be eurythermal and euryhaline. Prorocentrum sp. and Chaetoceros sp. appeared to be stenothermal and stenohaline. Finally, Heterosigma akashiwo appeared at the lowest temperature and highest salinity of the five species and was classified here as stenothermal and stenohaline.

Short-term variation in abundance of four Acartia species (Copepoda, Calanoida) in a eutrophic bay

“…The body length of A. ohtsukai (1.03–1.23 mm) was similar to that of A. erythraea (1.1–1.2 mm), whereas A. sinjiensis (0.8–1.1 mm) had the shortest body length. In Gamak Bay, high abundance of Chaetoceros sp., Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum spp., Cochlodinium polykrikoides , and Heterosigma akashiwo (with sizes of 2–50 µm) has been recorded in summer and autumn ( Lee et al, 2009 ). Acartia species predate on these diatoms and dinoflagellates.…”

Assessment of the Heavy Metals and Nutrients Status in the Seawater, Sediment and Seagrass in Banten Bay, Indonesia and Their Distributional Patterns

“…Within this period, upwelling often occurs, nutrient enrichment takes place and sometimes this may lead to the alga bloom phenomenon (Sellner et al, 2003). Many studies have reported that, with this kind of circumstances, phytoplankton, and then followed by zooplankton, is very sensitive to the increase of nutrient elements introduced by rainwater (Sellner et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2009) and the growth of some phytoplankton species respond very quickly to the rainfall (Al-Homaidan and Arif, 1998).…”

<i>Escherichia Coli</i> and Biophysicochemical Relationships of Seawater and Water Pollution Index in the Jakarta Bay

“…Within this period, upwelling often occurs, nutrient enrichment takes place and sometimes this may lead to the alga bloom phenomenon (Sellner et al, 2003). Many studies have reported that, with this kind of circumstances, phytoplankton, and then followed by zooplankton, is very sensitive to the increase of nutrient elements introduced by rainwater (Sellner et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2009) and the growth of some phytoplankton species respond very quickly to the rainfall (Al-Homaidan and Arif, 1998). Water pollution Index: Although E. coli concentration in water column can itself be used as indicator for pollution level, scientists developed numerous water quality indices calculated from multi-parameters of water properties.…”