Characteristics of the Operational Noise from Full Scale Wave Energy Converters in the Lysekil Project: Estimation of Potential Environmental Impacts

Haikonen, Kalle; Sundberg, Jan; Leijon, Mats

doi:10.3390/en6052562

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In accordance with such details, the changes in the patterns of wind have significant consequences for the development of wave energy [75]. This is further illustrated below:…”

Section: Potential Impacts Of Wave Energymentioning

confidence: 77%

Easing Climate Change with Recent Wave Energy Technologies

Zullah¹,

Jae-Ung²,

Lee³

2016

J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl

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More than 80% of electric power production throughout the world originates from the fossil fuelled plants. In accordance with the anticipation for increase in the demand for electricity, there is certainly a need to determine a new method to utilize renewable sources for extracting electric energy through renewable sources. In today's world, the supply of renewable electric energy is found to be one of the significant priorities within numerous parts of the world. The significant proof of this incorporates the last agreement at Marrakech 2002 and the Kyoto declaration during 1997. Both the US and EU have already developed their focus on the future emissions of greenhouse gases. It should be noted that ocean waves makes a representation of a significant source of unexplored renewable energy. Within the EU, the potential of wave energy has been conservatively estimated as 120-190 TWh per year within offshores emulated by some additional 34-46 TWh per year within near shore locations. Moreover, such anticipations rely on presumptions of energy and technology cost. And, the genuine resource would get to be notably larger. In this particular case, it can be found to be a challenging task for converting such boundless energies within the ocean waves to the electric energy. However, a considerable attention should be paid to the economic constraints for the purpose of approaching future production of sustainable electric power production for the future. This study will discuss relevant aspects for the climate change which is found to be a global threat to the entire world. For this it is quite obvious that one of the significant cause of this is the emission of carbon within the atmosphere. For this global threat, there are numerous causes and one among them includes the emission of greenhouse gas as mentioned earlier. The study will also discuss as to how wave energy can be used to allow prevention of the carbon emissions within the atmosphere. Other than that, there would be appropriate discussions on the energy devices, policies, and protocols, regional and international developments.

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“…In accordance with such details, the changes in the patterns of wind have significant consequences for the development of wave energy [75]. This is further illustrated below:…”

Section: Potential Impacts Of Wave Energymentioning

confidence: 77%

Easing Climate Change with Recent Wave Energy Technologies

Zullah¹,

Jae-Ung²,

Lee³

2016

J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl

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“…No studies regarding the operational noise of WECs have analysed the data in view of engineering features towards exploring AE as a condition monitoring technique. This application was briefly mentioned in a very small number of reports as a future development possibility [19,47] and has been recently trialled for a tidal energy deployment [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the condition of Marine Renewable Energy Devices through underwater Acoustic Emissions: Case study of a Wave Energy Converter in Falmouth Bay, UK

et al. 2017

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Maintaining the engineering health of Marine Renewable Energy Devices (MREDs) is one of the main limits to their economic viability, because of the requirement for costly marine interventions in challenging conditions. Acoustic Emission (AE) condition monitoring is routinely and successfully used for land-based devices, and this paper shows how it can be used underwater. We review the acoustic signatures expected from operation and likely failure modes of MREDs, providing a basis for a generic classification system. This is illustrated with a Wave Energy Converter tested at Falmouth Bay (UK), monitored for 2 years. Underwater noise levels have been measured between 10 Hz and 32 kHz throughout this time, covering operational and inactive periods. Broadband MRED contributions to ambient noise are generally negligible. Time-frequency analyses are used to detect acoustic signatures (60 Hz-5 kHz) of specific operational activities, such as the active Power Take Off, and relate them to engineering and environmental conditions. These first results demonstrate the feasibility of using underwater Acoustic Emissions to monitor the health and performance of MREDs.

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“…Verdant tidal turbines generated "more noise than was expected" [29], and it was later found that a blade on one of the six turbines was broken and another was subject to an incipient failure. Measurements of two point absorber WECs at Lysekil [33] reported a number of 1-s high-amplitude impulses that saturated the recorder (up to 20 kHz). These impulses were found to be due to impacts on the end stop within the WECs.…”

Section: Underwater Acoustic Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic emission health monitoring of marine renewables: Illustration with a wave energy converter in Falmouth Bay (UK)

Walsh

Bashir

Thies

et al. 2015

OCEANS 2015 - Genova

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Abstract-Marine renewable energy (MRE) is an emerging technology and at present there are an increasing number of MRE prototypes and full-scale devices deployed. The future commercialization in the near future may contribute to the mitigation of carbon emissions and diversify the renewable electricity generation portfolio. Because of the high costs of marine intervention, it is important to establish reliable, remote monitoring techniques. The underwater sound around MRE devices is often monitored for environmental impact assessments. This approach can also be potentially utilized to monitor the engineering health of MRE devices. This is the objective of the project AEMORE (Acoustic Emission technology for environmental and engineering health Monitoring of Offshore Renewable Energy), jointly conducted by the Universities of Exeter and Bath, with J+S Ltd. Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring is already used for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of land-based structures and devices such as wind turbines. AE allows faults and defects to be detected early in a device's lifetime, providing more time to plan and implement necessary maintenance and repair procedures to avoid catastrophic failure. This is highly desirable for MRE structures, which operate in energetic seas with tight weather access windows. This paper explores the remit for AE monitoring to SHM and maintenance planning for MRE devices and demonstrates that this novel application is principally feasible. A brief review of the state of the art of AE for land-based systems aids to illustrate how its techniques can be applied to underwater environments and MRE components. This literature review will inform a classification system that relates likely failure modes to their expected acoustic emissions. The results from previous underwater environmental studies are used to evaluate their potential for SHM of MRE structures. AE environmental data collected during the operation of the Fred Olsen Lifesaver wave energy converter at the Falmouth Bay Test site (FaBTest, SW UK) is used to demonstrate this novel application. The case study provides proof that this concept is valid for underwater SHM of marine renewable structures.

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Characteristics of the Operational Noise from Full Scale Wave Energy Converters in the Lysekil Project: Estimation of Potential Environmental Impacts

Cited by 27 publications

References 53 publications

Easing Climate Change with Recent Wave Energy Technologies

Easing Climate Change with Recent Wave Energy Technologies

Monitoring the condition of Marine Renewable Energy Devices through underwater Acoustic Emissions: Case study of a Wave Energy Converter in Falmouth Bay, UK

Acoustic emission health monitoring of marine renewables: Illustration with a wave energy converter in Falmouth Bay (UK)

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