Characteristics of Traveler with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, China, 2015

Guan, Wen Da; Mok, Chris Ka Pun; Chen, Zi Lin; Feng, Li Qiang; Li, Zheng Tu; Huang, Ji; Ke, Chang Wen; Deng, Xilong; Ling, Yun; Wu, Shi Guan; Niu, X. F.; Perera, Ranawaka A.P.M.; Xu, Yuan; Zhao, Jincun; Zhang, Lin Qi; Li, Yi Min; Chen, Rong Chang; Peiris, Malik; Chen, Ling; Zhong, Nan

doi:10.3201/eid2112.151232

Cited by 40 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…12 The S1-based ELISA Kit has the advantages of easy operation and convenience, and it has been validated and applied in many studies. [2][3][4][5][6]14,15 In the present study, gradual increases in S1-specific serum IgG antibody levels were observed in the first patient to import MERS-CoV into China, as was the case for most MERS-CoV patients in other studies performed in South Korea 6,15 and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 14 Seroconversion of the S1-specific IgG antibody was observed 8 days after admission (16 days after the onset of illness), which was consistent with previous findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Importantly, such assays do not require cultivation of MERS-CoV in biosafety level 3 facilities, which are not readily available in most laboratories. Although an S1-based ELISA Kit is commercially available and has been used in many studies, [2][3][4][5][6] data are limited on comparing ELISAs that detect MERS-CoV antibodies in humans based on alternative recombinant antigens, including the extracellular domain (representative of the full-length spike protein (S)), N-terminal domain (NTD), receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleoprotein (NP). We used a series of sera from the first imported case of MERS in China to longitudinally evaluate antibody production and to compare the antigenicity of whole inactivated MERS-CoV, S, S1, NTD, RBD and NP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of anti-MERS-CoV antibodies against various recombinant structural antigens of MERS-CoV in an imported case in China

Wang

Deng

et al. 2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The first imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in China recently occurred, allowing for the characterization of antibody titers in a series of the patient's sera using the following methods based on recombinant viral structural antigens: inactivated MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), recombinant MERS-CoV spike (S, or fragments of S) ELISA, nucleoprotein (NP) ELISA and MERS S pseudovirus particle-based neutralization test (ppNT). A longitudinal profile of the infection showed that seroconversion detected by ELISAs based on the recombinant extracellular domain, S, S1 and receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigens occurred as early as neutralizing antibodies were detected by the ppNT and earlier than antibodies were detected by the inactivated MERS-CoV and N-terminal domain (NTD) ELISAs. Antibodies detected by the NP ELISA occurred last. Strong correlations were found between the S1, RBD and NP ELISAs and the inactivated MERS-CoV ELISA. The S and RBD ELISAs were highly correlated with the commercial S1 ELISA. The S ELISA strongly correlated with the ppNT, although the MERS-CoV, S1, NTD and RBD ELISAs were also significantly correlated with the ppNT (P<0.001).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of anti-MERS-CoV antibodies against various recombinant structural antigens of MERS-CoV in an imported case in China

Wang

Deng

et al. 2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…An independent research group in South Korea has isolated viruses from swab samples in the environment of MERS-CoVinfected patients and demonstrated that most accessible surfaces in MERS units were contaminated by MERS-CoV, confirmed by RT-PCR and viral culture [7]. On the other hand, a group in China conducted environmental sampling of the room of a MERS-infected patient on days 13 and 15 after symptom onset, and the swabs were negative for viral RNA [18]. Our study results partially overlap with those of the study of Bin et al [7], who performed environmental sampling of the 4 rooms of 4 MERS-infected patients between days 18 and 30 after symptom onset [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Viable Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus Contamination in Air and Surrounding Environment in MERS Isolation Wards

Kim¹,

Chang²,

Sung³

et al. 2016

Clin Infect Dis.

226

222

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Background. The largest outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outside the Middle East occurred in South Korea in 2015 and resulted in 186 laboratory-confirmed infections, including 36 (19%) deaths. Some hospitals were considered epicenters of infection and voluntarily shut down most of their operations after nearly half of all transmissions occurred in hospital settings. However, the ways that MERS-CoV is transmitted in healthcare settings are not well defined.Methods. We explored the possible contribution of contaminated hospital air and surfaces to MERS transmission by collecting air and swabbing environmental surfaces in 2 hospitals treating MERS-CoV patients. The samples were tested by viral culture with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using MERS-CoV Spike antibody, and electron microscopy (EM).Results. The presence of MERS-CoV was confirmed by RT-PCR of viral cultures of 4 of 7 air samples from 2 patients' rooms, 1 patient's restroom, and 1 common corridor. In addition, MERS-CoV was detected in 15 of 68 surface swabs by viral cultures. IFA on the cultures of the air and swab samples revealed the presence of MERS-CoV. EM images also revealed intact particles of MERS-CoV in viral cultures of the air and swab samples.Conclusions. These data provide experimental evidence for extensive viable MERS-CoV contamination of the air and surrounding materials in MERS outbreak units. Thus, our findings call for epidemiologic investigation of the possible scenarios for contact and airborne transmission, and raise concern regarding the adequacy of current infection control procedures.

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“…To date, all confirmed MERS cases have been linked to the Middle East. Human-tohuman transmission of MERS-CoV has been well documented in family, community, and healthcare settings [5,[12][13][14]. MERS-CoV poses a significant threat to public health worldwide because of the high fatality rate of MERS infection and potential outbreaks of MERS-CoV infection in healthcare facilities.…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel luciferase immunosorbent assay performs better than a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect MERS-CoV specific IgG in humans and animals

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Deng³

et al. 2019

Biosafety and Health

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The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a lethal zoonosis caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive, and specific serologic test for detecting anti-MERS-CoV antibodies in both humans and animals is urgently needed for the successful management of this illness. Here, we evaluated various novel luciferase immunosorbent assays (LISA) based on nucleocapsid protein (NP) as well as fragments derived from spike protein (S) including subunit 1 (S1), N terminal domain (NTD), receptorbinding domain (RBD) and subunit 2 (S2) of S for the detection of MERS-CoV-specific IgG. Fusion proteins, including nanoluciferase (NLuc) and various fragments derived from the NP or S protein of MERS-CoV, were expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 T cells. LISAs that detected anti-MERS-CoV IgG were further developed using cell lysates expressing various fusion proteins. Panels of human or animal samples infected with MERS-CoV were used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of various LISAs in reference to a MERS-CoV RT-PCR, commercial S1-based ELISA, and pseudovirus particle neutralization test (ppNT). Our results showed that the S1-, RBD-, and NP-LISAs were more sensitive than the NTD-and S2-LISAs for the detection of anti-MERS-CoV IgG. Furthermore, the S1-, RBD-, and NP-LISAs were more sensitive (by at least 16-fold) than the commercially available S1-ELISA. Moreover, the S1-, RBD-, and NP-LISA specifically recognized anti-MERS-CoV IgG and did not cross-react with samples derived from other human CoV (OC43, 229E, HKU1, NL63)-infected patients. More importantly, these LISAs proved their applicability and reliability for detecting anti-MERS-CoV IgG in samples from camels, monkeys, and mice, among which the RBD-LISA exhibited excellent performance. The results of this study suggest that the novel MERS-CoV RBD-and S1-LISAs are highly effective platforms for the rapid and sensitive detection of anti-MERS-CoV IgG in human and animal samples. These assays have the potential to be used as serologic tests for the management and control of MERS-CoV infection.

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Characteristics of Traveler with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, China, 2015

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of anti-MERS-CoV antibodies against various recombinant structural antigens of MERS-CoV in an imported case in China

Characterization of anti-MERS-CoV antibodies against various recombinant structural antigens of MERS-CoV in an imported case in China

Extensive Viable Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus Contamination in Air and Surrounding Environment in MERS Isolation Wards

A novel luciferase immunosorbent assay performs better than a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect MERS-CoV specific IgG in humans and animals

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