Characteristics of Typhoon Eyewalls According to World Wide Lightning Location Network Data

Permyakov, M. S.; Kleshcheva, T. I.; Potalova, E. Yu.; Holzworth, R. H.

doi:10.1175/mwr-d-18-0235.1

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Operational centers estimate TC intensity and structure parameters using the Dvorak method (Velden et al 2006), which is based on relationships between TC intensities and the structures of cloud fields on satellite images in the visible and infrared ranges. The RMW is defined as the distance between the warmer TC center and the colder eyewall rings, determined according to the infrared imagery of cloudtop temperature fields (Permyakov et al 2019). Because no routine reconnaissance aircraft missions for TCs have flown over the WNP since 1987, no routine or in situ observations for RMW have been conducted in the past three decades; thus, relevant studies on RMW estimates or errors are unavailable.…”

Section: Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lightning Distribution of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

Lin

Chou

2020

Monthly Weather Review

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This study examines the characteristics of tropical cyclone (TC) lightning distribution and its relationship with TC intensity and environmental vertical wind shear (VWS) over the western North Pacific. It uses data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network and operational global analysis data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction Final Analysis for 230 TCs during 2005–2017. The spatial distribution of TC lightning frequency and normalized lightning rate demonstrates that the VWS dominates the azimuthal distribution of the lightning. The flashes are active in the downshear-left side of the inner core and the downshear-right side of the outer region. TC lightning distribution for various VWS strengths and TC intensities are further investigated. As VWS increases, the flashes of lightning become more asymmetric and exhibit a higher proportion at the outer region of the downshear side. Moreover, the same features occur as TC intensity decreases. A series of composite analyses indicated that stronger TCs with weaker VWS exhibit a more compact and symmetric lightning distribution, whereas weaker TCs with stronger VWS have a more asymmetric lightning distribution. Furthermore, the TC lightning distribution and its association with TC intensity changes are also examined for three lead times. Results show that among the composite analyses of five TC intensity changes, the lightning distribution for rapid intensification type exhibits more inner-core lightning and more axisymmetric than the distributions for other categories. These features result from favorable environmental conditions comprising greater upper level divergence, sea surface temperature, maximum potential intensity, and weaker vertical wind shear.

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Section: Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lightning Distribution of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

Lin

Chou

2020

Monthly Weather Review

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“…Remote-sensed wind and wave products are operationally provided by multiple satellites, i.e., ASCAT [43], HY-2B [44], and CFOSAT [45]. Although the spatial resolution of these products is 12.5 km for winds and ~10 km for waves, they are valuable sources of data for oceanography during extreme sea states [46], e.g., typhoons and hurricanes. As mentioned above, the wind field simulated using atmospheric models such as ERA-5 during typhoons is significantly underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Wave Simulation in Typhoon Using WAVEWATCH-III Forced by Remote-Sensed Wind

Yao,

Shao,

Zhang

et al. 2023

JMSE

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The purpose of our work was to assess the feasibility of hindcasting waves using WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) in a typhoon by assembling winds from multiple remote-sensed products. During the typhoon season in 2021–2022, the swath wind products in the Western Pacific Ocean were collected from scatterometers and radiometers. Cyclonic winds with a spatial resolution of 0.125° at intervals of 6 h were obtained by assembling the remote-sensed winds from those satellites. The maximum wind speeds, Vmax, were verified using the reanalysis data from the National Hurricane Center (NHC), yielding a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 4.79 m/s and a scatter index (SI) value of 0.2. The simulated wave spectrum was compared with the measurements from Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring (SWIM) carried out on the Chinese–French Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT), yielding a correlation coefficient (Cor) of 0.80, squared error (Err) of 0.49, RMSE of significant wave height (SWH) of 0.48 m with an SI of 0.25, and an RMSE of the peak wave period (PWP) of 0.95 s with an SI of 0.10. The bias of wave (WW3 minus European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWFs) reanalysis (ERA-5)) concerning the bias of wind (assembling minus ERA-5) showed that the WW3-simulated SWH with the assembling wind forcing was significantly higher than that with the ERA-5 wind forcing. Moreover, the bias of SWH gradually increased with an increasing bias of wind speed; i.e., the bias of SWH increased up to 4 m as the bias of wind speed reached 30 m/s. It was concluded that the assembling wind from multiple scatterometers and radiometers is a promising source for wave simulations via WW3 in typhoons.

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“…Price et al [13] found that in the majority of tropical cyclones, lightning frequency and maximum sustained winds are significantly correlated (mean correlation coefficient of 0.82); however, the maximum sustained winds and minimum pressures in hurricanes are preceded by increases in lightning activity approximately one day before the peak winds. Numerous other recent studies have also investigated the link between lightning and tropical cyclones [14][15][16][17]. In this study, we expand on these previous studies to investigate the role of tropical cyclones on the transport of water vapor into the upper troposphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Transport of Water Vapor from Tropical Cyclones to the Upper Troposphere

et al. 2021

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This paper investigates the influence of tropical cyclones on water vapor concentrations in the upper atmosphere above these storms. We use independent data sets of tropical storm intensity, water vapor and lightning activity to investigate this relationship. Water vapor in the upper troposphere is a key greenhouse gas, with direct impacts on surface temperatures. Both the amount and altitude of water vapor impact the radiative balance and the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere. The water vapor enters the upper troposphere through deep convective storms, often associated with lightning activity. The intensity of the lightning activity represents the intensity of the convection in these storms, and hence the amount of water vapor transported aloft. In this paper, we investigate the role of tropical cyclones on the contribution of water vapor to the upper atmosphere moistening. Tropical cyclones are the largest most intense storms on Earth and can last for up to two weeks at a time. There is also evidence that the intensity of tropical cyclones is increasing, and will continue to increase, due to global warming. In this study we find that the maximum moistening of the upper atmosphere occurs at the 200 hPa level (~12 km altitude), with a lag of 1–2 days after the maximum sustained winds in the tropical cyclone. While the water vapor peaks after the maximum of the storm intensity, the lightning activity peaks before the maximum intensity of the storms, as shown previously. We show here that the absolute amount of water vapor in the upper troposphere above tropical storms increases linearly with the intensity of the storms. For every 10 hPa decrease in the minimum pressure of tropical storms, the specific humidity increases around 0.2 g/kg at the 200 hPa level.

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Characteristics of Typhoon Eyewalls According to World Wide Lightning Location Network Data

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

The Lightning Distribution of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

The Lightning Distribution of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

Feasibility of Wave Simulation in Typhoon Using WAVEWATCH-III Forced by Remote-Sensed Wind

Transport of Water Vapor from Tropical Cyclones to the Upper Troposphere

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