Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Limonoid Constituents Isolated from Meliaceae Plants Melia dubia, Aphanamixis polystachya, and Swietenia macrophylla against Plant Pathogenic Fungi In Vitro

Abstract

The plants of Meliaceae are native to tropical and subtropical regions as the Americas, west India, Southeast Asia, and Southern China. Many species of the genera Khaya, Swietenia, Aphanamixis, and Melia in this family are known as medicinal plants and have biological activities such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antifeeding, insecticidal, and cytotoxic properties. The objectives of this research are to characterize and evaluate the bioactive limonoids from several plants of Meliaceae against phytopathogenic fungi. During the search of antifungal compounds from the plants of Meliaceae, the three methanol extracts of Melia dubia, Aphanamixis polystachya, and Swietenia macrophylla were found to suppress the mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi. Nine limonoids isolated from M. dubia (1–2), A. polystachya (3–5), and S. macrophylla (6–9) were evaluated, for the first time, their antifungal effectiveness against nine phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria spp., and Botrytis cinerea, and three oomycetes Phytophthora species. Limonoids 2, 3, 6, and 8 displayed a remarkable broad-spectrum antifungal activity against all the test fungi. Sclerotium rolfsii was highly sensitive to the four limonoids with IC50 values ranging from 79.4 to 128.0 µg/mL. Notably, chisocheton compound G (3) isolated from A. polystachya and khayanolide B (8) isolated from S. macrophylla were the most potent antifungal limonoids and exhibited a dose-dependent activity against Phytophthora species. Compounds 2 and 9 displayed moderate activity against M. oryzae. Our study results demonstrated the discovery of antifungal and lead compounds from the group of limonoids for application in the control of fungal plant diseases.

Small and medium-scale biorefineries: Biomass quantification and its bioeconomic potential in the Southern Coastal Territory of Bahia

“…In the TSC, nine species were located, with emphasis on Eugenia uniflora L, which has a strong inhibitory potential for α-glucose and, consequently, is promising for the treatment of diseases associated with the enzyme (Antônio, 2016;da Silva et al, 2022;Frausin et al, 2014;Seraglio et al, 2018;Thomas et al, 2009). The Meliaceae family is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, such as the Americas, western India, Southeast Asia, and southern China, with 50 genera and 1400 species (Thomas et al, 2009).In the TSC, 13 species of this family were identified, and the bioactive compounds were extracted from the seeds, which have anti-inflammatory, antimutagenicity, and antitumor effects, therefore being widely used by the pharmaceutical industry (Muellner-Riehl and Rojas-Andrés, 2021; Tan et al, 2021). In turn, the families Moraceae and Lauraceae have a variety of species with different applications.…”

Preparation and potential of nanoparticles containing curcuminoids to control fungal diseases in tropical fruits

“…The DMSO concentration in PDA was below 2 % and the medium was allowed to cool at room temperature. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. orbiculare were stored in our laboratory and used consistently in various experiments [15,16]. The antifungal treatments were processed at concentrations ranging from 625 to 10000 µg/mL.…”

Anti-inflammatory and Antiphytopathogenic Fungal Activity of 2,3-seco-Tirucallane Triterpenoids Meliadubins A and B from Melia dubia Cav. Barks with ChemGPS-NP and In Silico Prediction

“…Meliastatins, a group of euphane-type limonoids, isolated from the bark showed antineoplastic activity by strongly inhibiting the growth of P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line with ED 50 1.7–5.6 μM . Another limonoid, (3α,8 R ,9 S ,20 R ,24 S )-20,24-epoxytirucalla-3,25-diol, identified from the dried fruit displayed excellent antiphytopathogenic activity against the fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Sclerotium rolfsii . An ethanolic extract of its seeds was suggested to attenuate quorum sensing of uropathogenic Escherichia coli based on studies in vitro and in silico .…”

“… 1 Another limonoid, (3α,8 R ,9 S ,20 R ,24 S )-20,24-epoxytirucalla-3,25-diol, identified from the dried fruit displayed excellent antiphytopathogenic activity against the fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Sclerotium rolfsii . 7 An ethanolic extract of its seeds was suggested to attenuate quorum sensing of uropathogenic Escherichia coli based on studies in vitro and in silico. 8 A high flavonoid content of an ethanolic extract from the leaves have been demonstrated to contribute to antioxidant and cutaneous wound healing activities by lowering nitric oxide radical scavenging and accelerating wound epithelialization, respectively.…”