Characterization and bioaccessibility of β-carotene in re-assembled casein

Abstract

The characterization and bioaccessibility of b-carotene (b-CE) in re-assembled casein (CN) were investigated in this study. At pH 4.6, b-CE in re-assembled CN significantly lowered the zeta-potential to a negative value compared to that of CN. The morphology of b-CE in re-assembled CN was characterized by atomic force microscopy. b-CE in re-assembled CN exhibited a more uniform and homogenous dispersion, with peak-to-valley differences of 6.8 nm rather than 91.3 nm for the pure b-CE. b-CE in re-assembled CN can effectively protect b-CE against degradation under conditions of heat and ultraviolet radiation. The antioxidant activity of b-CE when it was encapsulated in re-assembled CN was significantly higher than b-CE in control samples under both experimental conditions. The total release rate of b-CE was 76.7% and 63.4% by trypsin and pepsin hydrolysis, respectively. These results indicated a feasible application in the food industry.

Production of Biocompatible Protein Functionalized Cellulose Membranes by a Top-Down Approach

“…The results of Raman spectroscopy spectra, however, suggested the presence of a pigment (carotenoid), present at the surface of H1 and H3 cellulose-based membranes. In a previous work, it has been reported that carotenoids possess negative ζ-potential values over the whole pH range between 2 and 10, thus also at acidic pH . This suggests that the pigments present at the surface of H1 and H3 cellulose-based membranes might be responsible for the negative surface charge measured at pH < 4, although no direct evidence for this can be reported in the present work.…”

“…In a previous work, it has been reported that carotenoids possess negative ζ-potential values over the whole pH range between 2 and 10, thus also at acidic pH. 63 This suggests that the pigments present at the surface of H1 and H3 cellulose-based membranes might be responsible for the negative surface charge measured at pH < T onset and T peak correspond to the onset degradation temperature and to the peak degradation temperature, respectively. 4, although no direct evidence for this can be reported in the present work.…”

Potential of Casein as a Carrier for Biologically Active Agents

“…Furthermore, different casein nanoparticles were shown to protect the content against cold storage, heat, high hydrostatic pressure processing, oxidation and ultraviolet (UV) radiation [40, 74, 77, 80, 82]. Nonetheless, reassembled casein nanoparticles are readily digested by gastrointestinal proteases [79–81].…”

“…Recently, reassembled casein nanocapsules loaded with vitamin D 3 were shown to provide bioavailability of vitamin D comparable to that in Tween 80 [ 74 , 75 ] and successfully underwent clinical trials, showing bioavailability similar to that in fat [ 76 ]. Furthermore, different casein nanoparticles were shown to protect the content against cold storage, heat, high hydrostatic pressure processing, oxidation and ultraviolet (UV) radiation [ 40 , 74 , 77 , 80 , 82 ]. Nonetheless, reassembled casein nanoparticles are readily digested by gastrointestinal proteases [ 79 – 81 ].…”

Synthesis and functionalization of casein nanoparticles with aptamers for triple-negative breast cancer targeting

“…This selfassembling ability makes casein an excellent material for encapsulating hydrophobic substances and protect them from oxidation 7 , UV light 14 or temperature. 15,16 Only few and recent works aimed at the preparation of drug delivery systems based on casein nanomicelles. [17][18][19] Overall, these studies highlight that casein is perfectly able to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs in nanomicelles with improved stability, solubility, and bioavailability, but often requiring complex and invasive techniques such as microfluidization and spray drying for their manufacture.…”