Characterization and comparison of different photopolymers for low spatial frequency recording

Fernández, Roberto Fernández; Gallego, Sergi; Francés, Jorge; Pascual, Inmaculada

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2015.02.025

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…One of the most used materials for these applications is the one based on polyvinyl alcohol/acrylamide (PVA/AA). This material showed outstanding characteristics [4][5][6] and interesting results were obtained in our firsts approaches to complex DOEs recording such as blazed gratings [7] or diffractive lenses [8]. Thanks to the addition of an index matching system [5,6], the shrinkage effects of the surface were minimized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…where D m is the diffusion of monomer inside the material, F R represents the polymerization rate and φ (m) and φ (p) are the monomer and polymer volume fractions respectively. The initial value for D m was measured through diffractive techniques following the procedure of [6]. For elements without symmetry, i.e., spherical lenses, it is necessary to add another dimension, related to yvariable.…”

Section: Diffusion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we evaluate the recording of achromats, fork gratings and diffractive axicons in photopolymers. Using a three dimensional diffusion model, previously validated by [6,8,27], we predicted the behaviour of the material during DOE's recording. On the other hand, a SLM-based setup was used to experimentally record these DOEs on the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex Diffractive Optical Elements Stored in Photopolymers

et al. 2019

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We study the recording of complex diffractive elements, such as achromatic lenses, fork gratings or axicons. Using a 3-D diffusion model, previously validated, we are able to predict the behavior of photopolymer during recording. The experimental recording of these complex elements is possible thanks to a new generation spatial light modulator capable of generating periodic and aperiodic profiles. Both experimental and theoretical are analyzed and compared. The results show not only the good response of theoretical model to predict the behavior of the materials, but also the viability of photopolymers to store these kind of elements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Diffusion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex Diffractive Optical Elements Stored in Photopolymers

et al. 2019

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“…Due to the similarities between this material and the PVA/AA-based one, Biophotopol also presents important relief structures formed during recording, avoiding the separate study of the refractive index distribution generated by polymerization. We have also studied the use of different crosslinker agents such as the already-mentioned BMA or the N,N 0 -(1,2-dihydroxyethylene) bisacrylamide (DHEBA), a highly environmental compatible crosslinker, which is also able to dissolve the NaAO, increasing the utility life of the samples up to 10 times, preventing the monomer crystallization [31]. Figure 9 shows the experimental diffraction efficiency of a Biophotopol + DHEBA sample.…”

Section: Recent Research In Polymerization 170mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerizable Materials for Diffractive Optical Elements Recording

Fernández¹,

Fuster²,

Guardiola³

et al. 2018

Recent Research in Polymerization

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The technologies based on holographic and photonic techniques related to the optical storage and optical processing of information are rapidly evolving. One of the key points of this evolution are the new recording materials able to perform under the most specific situations and applications. In this sense, the importance of the photopolymers is growing spectacularly. This is mainly due to their versatility in terms of composition and design together with other interesting properties such as self-processing capabilities. In this chapter, we introduce the diffractive optical elements (DOE) generation in these materials and some of the most important parameters involved in this process. The deep knowledge of the material is essential to model its behavior during and after the recording process and we present different techniques to characterize the recording materials. We also present a 3D theoretical diffusion model able to reproduce and predict the experimental behavior of the recording process of any kind of DOE onto the photopolymers. The theoretical results will be supported by experimental analysis using a hybrid optical-digital setup, which includes a liquid crystal on silicon display. Besides this analysis, we study a method to improve the conservation and characteristics of these materials, an index-matching system.

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“…One of the best candidates is the photopolymer called "Biophotopol" [9] however, the dye of this materials is less sensitive to record elements at 532 nm, therefore we used this formulation changing the dye by yellowish eosin, that presents maximum absorption near this wavelength. As the refractive index modulation capability of this compound is slightly smaller than PVA/AA [10] we have modified the technique of the layer fabrication in order to increase the thickness of the film, thus the phase depth can be greater than 2π. In this work, we present the preliminary study of the recording of spherical lenses with different focal lengths in this biocompatible photopolymer and compare the results with those obtained by PVA/AA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffractive lenses in biocompatible photopolymers using LCoS

Fernández

Gallego

Navarro-Fuster

et al. 2017

Optics and Photonics for Information Processing XI

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The improving of the technology related to the Spatial Light Modulators (SLM), which can be used to modulate the wavefront of a light beam in many different applications in Optics and Photonics, has widespread their use in many new ways. In particular, the continue miniaturization of the pixel size let them be used as a master for Diffractive Optical Elements (DOE) recording applications. One of these displays is the parallel-addressed liquid crystal on silicon (PA-LCoS) microdisplay, which offers easily the possibility of phase-only modulation without coupled amplitude modulation, but can be use also as an amplitude master just rotating the angles of two polarizers. Together with the DOEs, the optic recording material is also one of the crucial components in the system. Photoresist has been used classically for this purpose. Recently some works provide results of the incorporation of photopolymers, initially used for holographic recording, to fabricate DOEs. Among photopolymers, polyvinil alcohol/acrylamide (PVA/AA) materials have been studied firstly due to the accurate control of their optical properties and the ease of fabrication. Nevertheless, this kind of photopolymer presents a high level of toxicity due mainly to the monomer, acrylamide. In this sense, we made efforts to search alternative "green" photopolymers, one of these is called "Biophotopol". This material presents good optical properties; although, it has two principal drawbacks: its refractive index modulation is lower than the PVA/AA one and the dye used presents very low absorption at 532 nm. In order to solve these problems for recording spherical diffractive lenses, in the present work we have explored different possibilities. On the first place, we have modified the fabrication technique of the solid layer to achieve thicker samples, on the second place, we have introduced a biocompatible crosslinker monomer. These two actions provide us a higher value of the phase modulation capability. On the third place, we have modified the dye to record DOE's with the wavelength of 532 nm and obtain a direct comparison with the results obtained with PVA/AA materials.

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Characterization and comparison of different photopolymers for low spatial frequency recording

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Complex Diffractive Optical Elements Stored in Photopolymers

Complex Diffractive Optical Elements Stored in Photopolymers

Polymerizable Materials for Diffractive Optical Elements Recording

Diffractive lenses in biocompatible photopolymers using LCoS

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