Characterization and comparison of smokeless powders by on-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography

Hurk, Rick S. van den; Abdulhussain, Noor; Beurden, Anouk S.A. van; Dekker, Mabel E.; Hulsbergen, Annemieke; Peters, Ron; Pirok, Bob W.J.; Asten, Arian C. van

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463072

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…class attribution) [ 3 , 4 ] and/or establish a link between two different SLPs seized at different locations (i.e. source association) [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic profiling of smokeless powders (SLPs) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS): a systematic investigation into injector conditions and their effect on the characterisation of samples

Kesic,

McCann,

Bowerbank

et al. 2024

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Smokeless powders (SLPs) are composed of a combination of thermolabile and non-thermolabile compounds. When analysed by GC-MS, injection conditions may therefore play a fundamental role on the characterisation of forensic samples. However, no systematic investigations have ever been carried out. This casts doubt on the optimal conditions that should be adopted in advanced profiling applications (e.g. class attribution and source association), especially when a traditional split/splitless (S/SL) injector is used. Herein, a study is reported that specifically focused on the evaluation of the liner type (Ltype) and inlet temperature (Tinj). Results showed that both could affect the exhaustiveness and repeatability of the observed chemical profiles, with Ltype being particularly sensitive despite typically not being clarified in published works. Perhaps as expected, degradation effects were observed for the most thermolabile compounds (e.g. nitroglycerin) at conditions maximising the heat transfer rates (Ltype = packed and Tinj ≥ 200 °C). However, these did not seem to be as influential as, perhaps, suggested in previous studies. Indeed, the harshest injection conditions in terms of heat transfer rate (Ltype = packed and Tinj = 260 °C) were found to lead to better performances (including better overall %RSDs and LODs) compared to the mildest ones. This suggested that implementing conditions minimising heat-induced breakdowns during injection was not necessarily a good strategy for comparison purposes. The reported findings represent a concrete step forward in the field, providing a robust body of data for the development of the next generation of SLP profiling methods. Graphical abstract

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“…class attribution) [ 3 , 4 ] and/or establish a link between two different SLPs seized at different locations (i.e. source association) [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic profiling of smokeless powders (SLPs) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS): a systematic investigation into injector conditions and their effect on the characterisation of samples

Kesic,

McCann,

Bowerbank

et al. 2024

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Two mD‐LC‐MS workflows are commonly used. Firstly, intact and reduced mD‐LC‐MS analysis, commonly referred to as 2D‐LC‐MS, typically involves 1 st dimension (1D) separation to sample the peak(s) of interest, followed by desalting, reduction (by the addition of reducing agents) and 2D separation coupled with MS detection [30]. Secondly, online mD‐LC‐MS at the peptide level, generally referred to as 4D‐LC‐MS, incorporates, in addition to the above configuration, an immobilized enzyme reactor to digest the selected online fraction (3D), followed by peptide separation on an RPLC column (4D) and subsequent MS analysis [7].…”

Section: Md‐lc‐ms For Antibody Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐dimensional technology – Recent advances and applications for biotherapeutic characterization

Bouvarel,

Camperi,

Guillarme

2024

J of Separation Science

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This review provides an overview of the latest advancements and applications in multi‐dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (mD‐LC‐MS), covering aspects such as inter‐laboratory studies, digestion strategy, trapping column, and multi‐level analysis. The shift from an offline to an online workflow reduces sample processing artifacts, analytical variability, analysis time, and the labor required for data acquisition. Over the past few years, this technique has demonstrated sufficient maturity for application across a diverse range of complex products. Moreover, there is potential for this strategy to evolve into an integrated process analytical technology tool for the real‐time monitoring of monoclonal antibody quality. This review also identifies emerging trends, including its application to new modalities, the possibility of evaluating biological activity within the mD‐LC set‐up, and the consideration of multi‐dimensional capillary electrophoresis as an alternative to mD‐LC. As mD‐LC‐MS continues to evolve and integrate emerging trends, it holds the potential to shape the next generation of analytical tools, offering exciting possibilities for enhanced characterization and monitoring of complex biopharmaceutical products.

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“…Due to the considerable advantages of utilizing HILIC as the 2 D for the analysis of polar compounds, the RPLC×HILIC setup has garnered increasing interest over the last 3 years, although its implementation remains relatively limited [23]. Most of the reported setups used HILIC in an isocratic mode to avoid equilibration issues since the solvent proportions are maintained constant throughout the analysis [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of conditioning runs on hydrophilic interaction chromatography repeatability and its application as a second dimension in online comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography

Gély,

Monneau,

Hologne

et al. 2024

J of Separation Science

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A common separation approach for polar compounds involves coupling reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) in two‐dimensional chromatography. The higher proportion of acetonitrile used in the HILIC mobile phase, which enhances mass spectrometry detection, encourages its use in the second dimension. Previous studies demonstrated that the HILIC column can be partially equilibrated within very short timeframes without compromising retention time stability, rendering it suitable in online comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) setups. In addition, a specific number of conditioning cycles seems necessary to establish stable retention times. Here, the repeatability of HILIC when employed as second dimension in LC×LC was investigated, with a focus on determining the required number of conditioning cycles to achieve repeatable retention times. Various parameters influenced by the LC×LC online modulation system were studied, such as steep gradient slopes up to 8%, and very short equilibration times, less than or equal to dead time, as well as injection volume and solvent, which depend on the first dimension. Finally, the use of HILIC as a second dimension with tailored conditioning runs was applied to the analysis of hyaluronic acid hydrogel digests. The application of an RPLC×HILIC method using five conditioning runs yielded exceptional stability in second‐dimension retention times.

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Characterization and comparison of smokeless powders by on-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Forensic profiling of smokeless powders (SLPs) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS): a systematic investigation into injector conditions and their effect on the characterisation of samples

Forensic profiling of smokeless powders (SLPs) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS): a systematic investigation into injector conditions and their effect on the characterisation of samples

Multi‐dimensional technology – Recent advances and applications for biotherapeutic characterization

Impact of conditioning runs on hydrophilic interaction chromatography repeatability and its application as a second dimension in online comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography

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