Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of Microwave-Assisted Extracted Crude Fucoidans from Different Brown Seaweeds

Abstract

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is recognized as a green method for extraction of natural products. The current research aimed to explore the MAE for fucoidans extraction from different brown seaweeds, including Fucus vesiculosus, F. spiralis, and Laminaria saccharina. Following several solvent-extraction pre-treatment steps and MAE optimization, the algal biomasses were extracted in a ratio of 1:25 in 0.1 M HCl containing 2 M CaCl2 for 1.0 min. The results showed that L. saccharina’s extract was different from the others, regarding the highest sugar content reached 0.47 mg glucose equivalent/mg extract being confirmed by monosaccharide composition analysis and the lowest fucoidan content and sulfation degree at 0.09 mg/mg extract and 0.13, respectively. Moreover, these findings were confirmed by tentative structural elucidation based on Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry which also showed a different spectrum. However, the MAE enhanced melanoidins formation in products, which was confirmed by the intense band at 1420 cm−1. Interestingly, the results of monomeric composition showed that fucoidan extract by MAE from F. vesiculosus belonged to sulfated galactofucans which are known for their potential bioactivities. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of the four fucoidans in concentrations ranging from 4.9 µg/mL to 2500 µg/mL was investigated and correlated with the chemical characterization showing that F. vesiculosus_MAE fucoidan was the most potent and safest. The current research revealed the chemical heterogeneity of fucoidans regarding taxonomical class and used greener extraction method of fucoidans toward the achievement of the UN sustainability goals.

Potential of Fucoidan From Myriogloea Major Asensi as Antiviral Against Herpes Simplex Type 1 and 2 and Bovine Coronavirus

“…On the other hand, it is established that proteins can be extracted together with fucoidans in the process of obtaining them. These proteins could exert interference in desirable effects, for example, they could exert cytotoxic effects, as has already been shown for other fucoidans [42]. So, our results suggest that the greater cytotoxicity of E2 compared to E1 could be due to the higher content of proteins, to the percentage of phenolic compounds or both.…”

Cystoseira myrica: from beach-cast seaweed to fucoidan with antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity

“…For instance, Jin et al compared the anticoagulant activity of eleven fucoidans by studying the correlation between structure and anticoagulant activity. They also showed that the anticoagulant action of fucoidans was influenced by both the molar ratio of fucose to galactose and the average molecular weight (Zayed et al, 2023).…”

“…Fucoidan has a complex structure and is commonly composed of (1 → 3)-L-fucopyranose monomers that have a sulfate group at C-4. However, further C-2 sulfation and 2-O-a-L-fucopyranosyl branching were reported (Yu et al, 2021;Zayed et al, 2023).They also include minor amounts of protein, galactose, mannose, xylose, glucose, and uronic acids (Mak et al, 2014). They have wide ranging biological and therapeutic activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-coagulant, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, anti-hepatopathy and immunomodulatory agents.…”

Fucoidan in Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Comprehensive Review for Smart Drug Delivery Systems

“…The diversity in fucoidan’s biochemical composition has enriched various scientific fields with investigations of potential bioactivities and applications. For instance, fucoidan either with low, intermediate, or high molecular weight has gained much interest recently due to its promising biological and pharmacological properties such as heparin-like anticoagulant, antitumor, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antiviral, and immunomodulatory bioactivities [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. As a result, fucoidan-containing products are consumed widely for nutraceutical and health-promoting benefits based on unique molecular mechanisms.…”