Characterization and determinant factors of critical illness and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort of 1,792 patients in Kenya

Elijah, Isinta M; Amsalu, Endawoke; Jian, Xuening; Cao, Mengxi; Mibei, Eric K; Kerosi, Danvas O; Mwatsahu, Francis G; Wang, Wei; Onyangore, Faith; Wang, Youxin

doi:10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.06.002

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Evidence on COVID-19 hospitalisation [ 12 , 15 , 24 , 35 , 39 ] showed that 17% of hospitalised COVID-19 cases had pre-existing DM [ 15 ], and reported odds of COVID-19 hospitalisation in PWDM of 3.6 (OR 95% CI:3.27, 3.94) [ 39 ]. Pre-existing DM was associated with general hospital admission (OR 3.73, 95% CI: 3.53, 3.94) [ 12 ], intensive care unit admission (adjusted OR 3.30, 95% CI: 1.94, 560) [ 35 ], and longer duration of hospitalisation (B = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.99–1.88) [ 24 ]. The reported duration of COVID-19 hospitalisation in PWDM was 15 days, with odds of achieving clinical recovery of 0.549 (aOR 95% CI:0.337,0.894) [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes mellitus in sub-saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review

Sseguya,

Bahendeka,

MacLennan

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the healthcare and outcomes of individuals with various chronic diseases. However, there is a paucity of data on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes mellitus (DM) in low-resource settings. To address this, we conducted a scoping review to explore the literature published on diabetes-related COVID-19 outcomes and care during the COVID-19 pandemic in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We applied our search strategy to PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, ERIC and Embase to obtain relevant articles published from January 2020 to March 2023. Two independent reviewers were involved in screening the retrieved articles. Data from eligible articles were extracted from quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Quantitative evidence was summarised using descriptive statistics, while a thematic framework was used to identify and categorise themes from qualitative evidence. Results We found 42 of the retrieved 360 articles eligible, mainly from South Africa, Ethiopia and Ghana (73.4%). The incidence of DM among COVID-19 cases was 13.7/1,000 person-days observation. COVID-19 was associated with increased odds of death (OR 1.30–9.0, 95% CI), hospitalisation (OR 3.30–3.73: 95% CI), and severity (OR: 1.30–4.05, 95% CI) in persons with DM. Challenges in caring for DM during the pandemic were inadequate patient self-management, difficulties in healthcare access, and inadequate healthcare resources. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic was characterised by a high incidence of DM in persons infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and high COVID-19-associated mortality, severity, and hospitalisation among people persons with DM. The pandemic also created difficulties in DM self-management and worsened the quality of DM care services. Policymakers should devise preventive and management strategies for DM during emerging and re-emerging infectious disease epidemics and outbreaks, given that such occurrences are increasingly frequent in the region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes mellitus in sub-saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review

Sseguya,

Bahendeka,

MacLennan

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[1] Elijah et al (2022) found the mortality rate of confirmed COVID-19 patients who had comorbidities in China, respectively, obesity at 13%, diabetes at 7.4%, hypertension at 9.5%, chronic pulmonary disease (COPD) at 7%, cardiovascular disease at 7.3%, liver disease 2.4%, kidney disease 0, 7%, and malignancy 2%. [2]Based on report data from the Indonesian COVID-19 acceleration task force until April 2022, it illustrates that type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common comorbid or comorbid disease found in cases of death where a sample of 6203 cases of COVID-19 found 9.4% have comorbid diabetes. [3] The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected blood glucose control in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperglycemia and Obesity as Risk Factors for Severe Covid-19

Nugraha¹,

Ngurah²,

Sajinadiyasa³

et al. 2023

International Journal of Scientific Advances

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Background: Obesity and hyperglycemia are common in patients with COVID-19 and are associated with an aggravating risk of COVID-19. This study assesses hyperglycemia and obesity as risk factors for developing severe COVID-19. Method: Analytical observational research with the design used is a matched case-control study. This study divided subjects into two groups according to the dependent variable category of severe COVID-19 as a case and not as severe as a control group. In each group, a history of hyperglycemia and obesity was traced. The analysis includes descriptive tests, bivariate with Chi-Square and multivariate with linear logistic regression using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 26. Result: 126 subjects divided into two groups with 63 subjects each. By age, the COVID-19 group was found to be severe, with an average of 57.9±12.731, and the COVID-19 group was not severe, with an average of 57.53±12.589. Hyperglycemia was associated with severe COVID-19 with a p-result of 0.000 (OR 11.8; CI 95% 3.819-36.456). Obesity was associated with severe COVID-19 with a result of p 0.001 (OR 4.6; CI 95% 1.8 – 11.756). Another covariant factor related to the severity of COVID-19 is Diabetes mellitus (OR: 4.6; CI 95% 2.148–10.137; p=0.028)cardiovascular disease (OR:4.7; 95% CI 1.258-17600; P=0.013),chronic lung disease(OR: 14.5; CI 95% 1.835-115.999).The results of multivariate analysis of Adj Odd Ratio10.038 (95% CI 2.447 – 41.172; P<0.001)and the association with obesity with the Adj Odd Ratio 4.846 (95% CI 1.187 – 19.789; P=0.028). Conclusion: Hyperglycemia and obesity are risk factors for severe COVID-19.

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Impact of COVID-19 on diabetes mellitus outcomes and care in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review

Sseguya,

Bahendeka,

MacLennan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic impacted diabetes mellitus clinical outcomes and chronic care globally. However, little is known about its impact in low-resource settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, to address this, we systematically conducted a scoping review to explore the COVID-19 impact on diabetes outcomes and care in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We applied our search strategy to PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, ERIC and Embase to obtain relevant articles published from January 2020 to March 2023. Two independent reviewers were involved in the screening of retrieved articles. Data from eligible articles were extracted from quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies. Numerical data were summarised using descriptive statistics, while a thematic framework was used to categorise and identify themes for qualitative data. Results We found 42 of the retrieved 360 articles eligible, mainly from South Africa, Ethiopia and Ghana (73.4%). COVID-19 increased the risk of death (OR 1.30,9.0, 95% CI), hospitalisation (OR 3.30,3.73: 95% CI), and severity (OR: 1.30,4.05, 95% CI) in persons with diabetes mellitus. COVID-19 also increased the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in hospitalised cases. The pandemic, on the other hand, was associated with disruptions in patient self-management routine and diabetes mellitus care service delivery. Three major themes emerged, namely, (i) patient-related health management challenges, (ii) diabetes mellitus care service delivery challenges, and (iii) reorganisation of diabetes mellitus care delivery. Conclusion COVID-19 increased mortality and morbidity among people living with diabetes mellitus. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic worsened diabetes mellitus care management. Sub-Saharan African countries should, therefore, institute appropriate policy considerations for persons with diabetes mellitus during widespread emergencies.

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Characterization and determinant factors of critical illness and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort of 1,792 patients in Kenya

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Diabetes mellitus in sub-saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review

Diabetes mellitus in sub-saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review

Hyperglycemia and Obesity as Risk Factors for Severe Covid-19

Impact of COVID-19 on diabetes mellitus outcomes and care in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review

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