Characterization and Fabrication of Pb-Based Perovskites Solar Cells under Atmospheric Condition and Stability Enhancement

Abstract

Optimization of Graphene concentration in optoelectronic properties has been studied which leads to progressive stability based on Graphene-CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 employing nanoparticles perovskites solar cells in this work. CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 wafer-based hetero-junction solar cells were developed under atmospheric conditions using Graphite as a hole transport layer (HTL) and TiO 2 as an electron transport layer (ETL). In particular a considerable enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE < 0.01%) has been realized using optimum Graphene concentration (0.05 g/ml). The charge injection rate is radically faster for the particular Graphene composition than the pristine perovskites, which exposes ephemeral absorption in near to UV range. Graphene incorporation increased the average crystallite size and reduced the band gap 1.32 eV in the visible range. The expensive metals such as Ag and Au have been replaced by simple ITO, which tremendously reduces the fabrication cost of the PSCs. The fabricated devices were exposed to high conservation stability without cell encapsulation ambient condition for 150 days to show excellent stability.

Effects of Thin Film Morphology of Polymer Hole Transfer Material on Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Interlayers that provide charge transfer play an important role in charge collection, extraction and transport. Small molecules and polymeric structures that can be used at these interfaces offer advantages such as being able to prepare solutions at low temperatures, thanks to their adjustable chemical and electronic structures [5]. In addition, highperformance PSCs have obvious advantages over other devices with their electrical and optical properties such as wide carrier diffusion length, direct Bandgap, high absorption coefficient in the visible near-infrared region, and high charge carrier mobility.…”

Optimization of Hole Transport Layer Materials for a Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cell Based on Formamidinium Tin Iodide

“…[ 4 ] Consequently, perovskite solar cells based on organometallic halides have received worldwide attention due to their outstanding properties such as better light absorption, [ 5 ] high charge carrier mobilities, low cost, [ 6 ] and solution‐processable routes. [ 7,8 ] In addition, since their first fabrication in 2009, perovskite solar cells have experienced an appreciable increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.4 to over 24%. [ 9,10 ]…”