Characterization and in-situ formation mechanism of tungsten carbide reinforced Fe-based alloy coating by plasma cladding

Characterization of the nature and morphology of coarse precipitation in various oxide dispersion strengthened steels

“…Wieczerzak et al observed the transformation M7C3 → M23C6 from 500 to 600°C by in-situ XRD measurements during a heating ramp on a Fe-24.5Cr-0.79C [52]. This M7C3 → M23C6 transformation was also reported elsewhere in a 10.5Cr by TEM observation and simulations [57], in a 13Cr steel [58], and the mechanism was determined to be the growth of a M23C6 shell surrounding a M7C3 core by experimental observations and thermomechanical simulation [56], [57], [59], [60], [61]. Therefore, in order to trigger the M7C3 → M23C6 transformation before it could occur in service, a thermal treatment at temperature around 700°C could be applied to Fe-14Cr ODS grades.…”