Characterization and model of ferroelectrics based on experimental Preisach density

Abstract

In this article an experimental method of characterization and modeling of ferroelectric materials is presented. The reversible and irreversible contributions of polarization are separated. The measurements of these effects are performed simultaneously giving a perfect separation. Investigations on switching behavior under different electric field strengths permit final representation of totally irreversible effects by a two-dimensional (2D) function. This function, a Preisach-type density, allows us to extract traditional information such as remanent polarization, coercive field and so on. Then, this curve is fitted to a 2D Gaussian distribution in order to provide easy implementation in simulators. Finally, a physical model is considered to interpret this experimental function in terms of switching mechanism, leading to a powerful tool for future investigation, e.g., the origin of aging.

Physical Mechanisms behind the Field‐Cycling Behavior of HfO2‐Based Ferroelectric Capacitors

“…Subsequently, the field is swept toward the negative direction and back to saturation, stepwise lowering the value of the reversal field until the opposite (here the negative) saturation polarization is reached. A detailed [23,24] and simplified mathematical treatment of the measured data as well as a coordinate transform to E c and E bias was described in Supporting Information S1. In contrast to the other studies, here the FORC technique is utilized to analyze the evolution of the build-in bias field and coercive field evolution with field cycling of the device.…”

Influence of stoichiometry on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the tunable (Ba,Sr)TiO3 ceramics investigated by First Order Reversal Curves method

“…non-switching/switching) contributions to the polarization and the field-dependence of the differential susceptibilities by using the same experimental data. [13][14][15][16][17] The experiment involves measurement of minor hysteresis loops between the positive saturation +E sat and a variable reversal field E r ∈ (−E sat , +E sat ) according to the following sequence (as presented in Fig. 1): (i) saturation under a positive field E ≥ +E sat ; (ii) ramping down to the reversal field E r , along the descending branch of the major hysteresis loop (MHL); (iii) increasing the field back to +E sat , when P is a function of the fields E and E r (this is called a FORC curve).…”

A thermodynamically consistent phenomenological model for ferroelectric and ferroelastic hysteresis

“…(4) Phenomenological models using hysteresis operators partly originating from the input-output description of piezoelectric devices for control purposes, see, for example, Hughes and Wen [14], Kuhnen [24], Cima et al [7], Smith et al [36], Ball et al [2], Pasco and Berry [31].…”