Characterization and quantification of PM2.5 emissions and PAHs concentration in PM2.5 from the exhausts of diesel vehicles with various accumulated mileages

Lin, Yuan-Chung; Li, Ya-Ching; Amesho, Kassian T.T.; Chou, Feng-Chih; Cheng, Pei-Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.007

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In addition to Phe and Flt, 4-ring Pyr was found dominant in the study of Corrêa et al ( 2021 ). Dominance of these PAHs was reported in other studies as well (Fabiańska et al 2016 ; Lin et al 2019 ). Most studies agree that in diesel exhaust, ratio of five- or more ring species is very low if any (Jin et al 2014 ; Yilmaz and Davis 2016 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Accumulation pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using Plantago lanceolata L. as passive biomonitor

Hubai

Kováts

Sainnokhoi

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Biomonitors are considered a cheap alternative of active air samplers, especially where spatial pattern of air quality is to be monitored, requiring numerous parallel measurements. Of higher plants, Plantago lanceolata L. has been proven a good monitor species with proper accumulation capacity. While biomonitoring studies are difficult to compare due to inherent errors such as the diverse plant material used in different studies, the No. 227 OECD GUIDELINE FOR THE TESTING OF CHEMICALS: Terrestrial Plant Test: Vegetative Vigour Test provides a tool to test extract of aerosol samples under controlled laboratory conditions. In our study, this guideline was followed to experimentally treat Plantago with the aqueous extract of a diesel exhaust sample. Accumulation pattern of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was assessed and compared to samples collected in the field. Unlike most studies reported in the literature, both in the experimentally treated and field Plantago samples, high ratio of high molecular weight PAHs was experienced. Distribution pattern of accumulated PAHs showed strong correlation between the experimentally treated sample and most of the field plantain samples, underlying the usefulness of laboratory treatments for bioaccumulation studies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Accumulation pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using Plantago lanceolata L. as passive biomonitor

Hubai

Kováts

Sainnokhoi

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Several studies have indicated that gas-phase PAHs concentrations are substantially higher than solid-phase PAHs concentrations 25 , 26 . The PAHs distribution and persistence in the air are regulated by their physicochemical properties and climate conditions 27 , 28 . Their toxicity depends on particulate size, molecular structure, chemical composition, and meteorology of the region 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source identification and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air and dust samples of Lahore City

Aslam

Sharif

Baqar

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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During two consecutive summer and winter seasons in Lahore, the health risk of air and dust-borne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GS/MS) was used to determine air and dust samples from various functional areas across the city. The mean ∑16PAHs were higher in air 1035.8 ± 310.7 (pg m−3) and dust 963.4 ± 289.0 (ng g−1 d.w.) during winter seasons as compared to summer seasons in air 1010.9 ± 303.3 (pg m−3) and dust matrices 945.2 ± 283.6 (ng g−1 d.w.), respectively. PAHs ring profile recognized 3 and 4 rings PAHs as most dominant in air and dust samples. Estimated results of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) highlighted high carcinogenic risk among the residents of Lahore via ingestion and dermal contact on exposure to atmospheric PAHs. The total ILCR values in air among children (summer: 9.61E − 02, winter: 2.09E − 02) and adults (summer: 1.45E − 01, winter: 3.14E − 02) and in dust, children (summer: 9.16E − 03, winter: 8.80E − 03) and adults (summer: 1.38E − 02, winter: 1.33E − 02) during the study period. The isomeric ratios in the study area revealed mixed PAH sources, including vehicular emission, petroleum, diesel and biomass combustion. As a result, it is advised that atmospheric PAHs should be monitored throughout the year and the ecologically friendly fuels be used to prevent PAHs pollution and health concerns in the city. The findings of this study are beneficial to the local regulating bodies in terms of controlling the exposure and promoting steps to reduce PAHs pollution and manage health in Lahore.

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“…Road transportation can be an important contributor of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and other toxic air pollutants in the urban atmosphere (Yang et al, 2005(Yang et al, , 2007Wang et al, 2010;May et al, 2014;Grivas et al, 2018;Dhital et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019). According to an estimate of World Urbanization Prospects 2018, 55.3% of the global population is already living in urban areas (UN, 2018) where the population is usually exposed to high levels of pollutants emitted from road traffic (Dallmann et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter in Gasoline and Diesel Vehicle Exhaust

Yang

Dhital

Wang

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigated the chemical composition (carbonaceous species, water-soluble ions and metal elements) of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) emitted by gasoline and diesel vehicles. The emission factors of PM 2.5 , total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) were also determined. The emission measurements were performed for four gasoline and four diesel vehicles on a dynamometer with a constant volume sampling system. Vehicles having larger engines and higher accumulated mileages had higher emission factors of gaseous pollutants. Moreover, the average emission factor of NO x was about 30 times higher for diesel vehicles than for gasoline vehicles. The average PM 2.5 emission factors for gasoline and diesel vehicles were 1.57 mg km -1 and 57.8 mg km -1 , respectively. The ratio of organic carbon to elemental carbon (OC/EC) was found to be a good indicator of gasoline vehicle emissions (OC/EC > 1) and diesel vehicle emissions (OC/EC < 1). Among water-soluble ions, Ca 2+ and SO 4 2had the highest contribution to PM 2.5 emitted by gasoline vehicles, while NO 3 -, SO 4 2and Ca 2+ had the highest contribution to PM 2.5 emitted by diesel vehicles. Na, Ca, Fe and Zn were the top four metal elements in terms of their contributions to PM 2.5 mass for both types of the vehicles, while Cd, Cr, Pb and Sb were some of the toxic metal elements detected in PM 2.5 .

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Characterization and quantification of PM2.5 emissions and PAHs concentration in PM2.5 from the exhausts of diesel vehicles with various accumulated mileages

Cited by 52 publications

References 54 publications

Accumulation pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using Plantago lanceolata L. as passive biomonitor

Accumulation pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using Plantago lanceolata L. as passive biomonitor

Source identification and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air and dust samples of Lahore City

Chemical Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter in Gasoline and Diesel Vehicle Exhaust

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