Characterization and Quantitation of Triterpenoid Saponins in Raw and Sprouted Chenopodium berlandieri spp. (Huauzontle) Grains Subjected to Germination with or without Selenium Stress Conditions

Abstract

Pseudocereal Chenopodium berlandieri spp. (huauzontle) was evaluated to determine saponin composition. Saponins were evaluated in raw and germinated grains subjected to chemical stress induced by sodium selenite. Analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with ELSD detector revealed the presence of 12 saponins, identified according to compounds previously assayed in Chenopodium quinoa. Saponins found at the highest concentrations in raw grains were derived from oleanolic and phytolaccagenic acids. Total saponin concentration significantly decreased in germinated compared to raw grains due to the significant loss of 90.1% and 95.7% of the phytolaccagenic acid without and with chemical selenium stress, respectively. The most abundant saponin in germinated sprouts decreased during normal germination. Interestingly, the concentration of this particular saponin significantly increased during the Se-induced stress germination. Chemical stress with selenium salts proved to change the saponin composition in geminated Chenopodium berlandieri spp. grains, therefore affecting their potential use as ingredient in the food industry.

Effect of Digestive Enzyme Treatment on Antioxidant Properties of Germinated Green Gram Fortified with Minerals

“…The addition of minerals to soak water used for germination of legumes could affect the compounds involved in AA. Lazo-Vélez et al (2016) determined the concentration of saponins in Chenopodium berlandieri spp. The seed coat predominantly has phenolic compounds with flavonoid structures, whereas cotyledons are rich in nonflavonoid phenolic compounds such as free and combined hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids (Dueñas et al 2006;Guajardo-Flores et al 2013).…”

Techniques for the analysis of pentacyclic triterpenoids in medicinal plants

“…HPLC–ELSD was used for the characterization and quantitation of triterpene glycosides in sea cucumbers , triterpenoid saponins in raw and sprouted Chenopodium berlandieri spp. , rosmarinic acid, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, betulinic acid, OA, and ursolic acid in the extracts of Prunella vulgaris L., due to its capacity for the sensitive detection of nonvolatile compounds containing weak chromophores . Waldbauer et al.…”

“…HPLC-ELSD was used for the characterization and quantitation of triterpene glycosides in sea cucumbers [111], triterpenoid saponins in raw and sprouted Chenopodium berlandieri spp. [38], rosmarinic acid, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, betulinic acid, OA, and ursolic acid in the extracts of Prunella vulgaris L., due to its capacity for the sensitive detection of nonvolatile compounds containing weak chromophores [112]. Waldbauer et al [113] developed HPLC-ELSD-MS to analyze triterpenic acids from apple pomace, and found that these pentacyclic triterpenoids enhance the activity of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which increases vascular nitric oxide bioavailability.…”

“…, and the roots of Actinidia chinensis . Furthermore, marine sponges , fruits , vegetables , spices , and cereals are also the common sources of pentacyclic triterpenoids.…”

“…ex Fr.) Karst [36], spices [37], and cereals [38] are also the common sources of pentacyclic triterpenoids.…”