Characterization and source identification of VOC species in Bogotá, Colombia

Franco, Juan Felipe; Pacheco, J. A. de Freitas; Belalcázar, Luis Carlos; Behrentz, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/s0187-6236(15)72155-7

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Simpler urban/rural distinctions were not useful, e.g., the no-emission environments included urban, suburban, town, and city spaces, while the industrial environments included both rural and suburban communities. Based on median concentrations, outdoor alkane and TTVOC levels were highest at the industrial sites, followed by the near-road community and clear environments ( Figure 4 ), with patterns shown elsewhere at industrial and commercial sites [ 34 , 39 , 40 ]. Perhaps surprisingly, the lowest BTEX levels were found at the near-road schools, however, VOC emissions at highway speeds are now well controlled, e.g., Kimbrough et al [ 41 ] measured concentrations of BTEX and other VOCs near highways and major roads and found larger contributions from parking lots than the highway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Conventional and High Performance School Buildings in the U.S.

Zhong

Batterman

2017

IJERPH

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Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been an indoor environmental quality (IEQ) concern in schools and other buildings for many years. Newer designs, construction practices and building materials for “green” buildings and the use of “environmentally friendly” products have the promise of lowering chemical exposure. This study examines VOCs and IEQ parameters in 144 classrooms in 37 conventional and high performance elementary schools in the U.S. with the objectives of providing a comprehensive analysis and updating the literature. Tested schools were built or renovated in the past 15 years, and included comparable numbers of conventional, Energy Star, and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-certified buildings. Indoor and outdoor VOC samples were collected and analyzed by thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy for 94 compounds. Aromatics, alkanes and terpenes were the major compound groups detected. Most VOCs had mean concentrations below 5 µg/m3, and most indoor/outdoor concentration ratios ranged from one to 10. For 16 VOCs, the within-school variance of concentrations exceeded that between schools and, overall, no major differences in VOC concentrations were found between conventional and high performance buildings. While VOC concentrations have declined from levels measured in earlier decades, opportunities remain to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) by limiting emissions from building-related sources and by increasing ventilation rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Conventional and High Performance School Buildings in the U.S.

Zhong

Batterman

2017

IJERPH

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“…PCA extracts the PCs from an i,j matrix, where i corresponds to the number of samples and j to the number of pollutants measured (correlated variables, in this case all the heavy metal species measured) (Franco et al, 2015). The PC extracted corresponds to pollutant (i.e., heavy metal) sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first PC extracted includes the highest possible variability, and each succeeding compound accounts for as much as possible of the remaining variability (Han et al, 2006). The number of PCs that can be extracted depends on the retained variance of each PC (Franco et al, 2015). In this study, for the purpose of this exercise, a data matrix consisting of nine sites and six metals was considered (Rajaram et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining heavy metal contamination of road dust in Delhi, India

Suryawanshi

Rajaram

Bhanarkar

et al. 2016

ATM

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RESUMENLa contaminación del aire es considerada como uno de los mayores desafíos ambientales debido a sus efectos sobre los ecosistemas y la salud humana. En este estudio se investigan los niveles de concentración y las fuentes de la contaminación por metales pesados en muestras de polvo de caminos recolectadas en varios sitios que incluyen áreas con cuatro actividades diferentes en Delhi, India: industriales, carreteras, residenciales y de uso mixto. El contenido de metales en polvo de caminos se analizó mediante espectroscopia de emisión atómica por plasma de acoplamiento inductivo. Los resultados muestran altos niveles de concentración de Ni, Cr y Pb en áreas industriales. Los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson acoplados con análisis de componentes principales revelaron que el CD, el Cr, el Ni y el Pb están vinculados con fuentes industriales en tanto que el Zn y el Cu proceden principalmente del tráfico vehicular. La contaminación en polvo de caminos se valoró a través de varios métodos: grado de contaminación, índice ecológico e índice de contaminación. El análisis de los factores de contaminación reveló que las muestras de polvo de caminos estaban contaminadas de manera considerable con Zn y Pb. Los índices de potencial ecológico indicaron la presencia de contaminación significativa por Cd y moderada por Pb en el polvo de camino, en tanto que la contaminación por Cr, Cu, Ni y Zn fue baja. El índice de contaminación de la mayoría de los metales fue mayor a 1, lo cual revela un deterioro en la calidad del polvo de caminos en Delhi a causa de las emisiones antrópicas. El grado de contaminación, el índice de potencia ecológico y el índice integrado de contaminación indican que el polvo de caminos en áreas industriales, de carreteras y de uso mixto exhiben alta contaminación por metales pesados. El polvo del camino también está contaminado de manera significativa. Evaluaciones realizadas por diversos métodos indicaron que todas las técnicas son importantes para valorar la calidad ambiental. ABSTRACTAir pollution has been considered one of the major environmental challenges because of its effect on ecosystems and human health. The concentration levels and sources of heavy metals contamination were studied in road dust samples collected from various locations including four different activity areas: industrial, highways, residential and mixed use in Delhi, India. Metal content in road dust was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The results showed high concentration levels of Ni, Cr and Pb in industrial areas. Pearson's correlations coupled with principal component analysis revealed that Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb are associated with industrial sources whereas Zn and Cu are mainly contributed by vehicular traffic. Road dust contamination was assessed by various methods: degree of contamination, potential ecological index and pollution index. Contamination factor analysis showed that road dust samples are significantly contaminated by Zn and Pb. The potential ecological indices indicate...

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“…Other authors, in [34] have observed the aspect of O 3 where O 3 production consist of top five compounds come mainly from road traffic.…”

Section: J Fundam Appl Sci 2017 9(2s) 335-351mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Malaysia air quality pollutants assessment using chemometrics techniques

Rani¹,

Azid²,

Khalit³

et al. 2018

J. Fundam and Appl Sci.

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Air quality played an important role as polluted air quality could environment as well as property.chemometrics was performed with the objectives to ensure the air quality data analysis is Air quality played an important role as polluted air quality could harm human health, environment as well as property. Thus, a study of air quality pollutants assessment using chemometrics was performed with the objectives to ensure the air quality data analysis is le and interpreted well. Analysis of PCA, FA, KMO and Bartlett's test were done on five main air quality pollutants (O 3 , NO 2 , SO 2 , CO and PM 10 From the data analysis obtained, the concentrations of air quality pollutants all around Malaysia starting from 2008 to 2011 were acceptable and the most dominant major pollutants had been highlighted. KMO obtained in this study is 0.7760, which show that the results are factor well. While, Bartlett's test shows that the variables correlated to each other's.quality data were acceptable for factor analysis.

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Characterization and source identification of VOC species in Bogotá, Colombia

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Conventional and High Performance School Buildings in the U.S.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Conventional and High Performance School Buildings in the U.S.

Determining heavy metal contamination of road dust in Delhi, India

Selected Malaysia air quality pollutants assessment using chemometrics techniques

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