Characterization and supercritical CO2 devulcanization of cryo-ground tire rubber: Influence of devulcanization process on reclaimed material

Mangili, Ivan; Collina, Elena; Anzano, Manuela; Pitea, Demetrio; Lasagni, Marina

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.02.017

Cited by 85 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…According to spectra (Figure 2), the intensities of some bands were altered with the devulcanization process. Previous studies have attributed these IR bands to: (1) 1537 cm -1 : stretching vibration of a methyl-assisted conjugated double bond (" -(C=C) n -, where n > 6) from both NR [30,31] and SBR [32]; (2) deformation from NR rubber [31]; (3) 1076 cm -1 : symmetric C-S-C group stretching vibrations in the two C-S bonds [33]; (4) 1029 and 1006 cm -1 : C-S bonds [25]; (5) 962 cm -1 : -CH=CH-group vibrations of butadiene present in SBR [33,34]; and (6) 828 cm -1 : $ C-H bending from NR rubber [31]. The results reveal that the samples most exposed to microwaves had lower intensity bands, which was more evident in the GTR7 sample.…”

Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devulcanization of ground tire rubber: Physical and chemical changes after different microwave exposure times

Garcia¹,

Sousa²,

Lima³

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

156

123

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Abstract.Microwave devulcanization is known to be a promising and an efficient rubber recycling method which makes possible for the rubber to regain its fluidity, and makes it capable of being remolded and revulcanized. The focus of this work is to understand the physical and chemical changes that occur in the ground tire rubber after different microwave exposure periods. For this purpose chemical, thermal, rheological and morphological analyses were performed on the tire rubber, which contains natural rubber (NR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as polymeric material. The results showed that the microwave treatment promoted the breaking of sulfur cross-links and consequently increased the rubber fluidity. However, long periods of exposure led to degradation and modification of some properties. At nanoscale, the deformation of the devulcanized NR domain under stress was observed, and the morphology obtained appears to be a droplet dispersion morphology. The most exposed samples presented only one glass transition temperature, and from this it was concluded that the treatment may have played an important role in the compatibilization of the elastomeric blend. Based on the results, it is required to control the microwave exposure time and polymeric degradation in order to achieve a regenerated rubber with satisfactory properties.

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Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devulcanization of ground tire rubber: Physical and chemical changes after different microwave exposure times

Garcia¹,

Sousa²,

Lima³

et al. 2015

Express Polym. Lett.

156

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Waste rubber particles have been found to be valuable modifiers of asphalts and cements [7][8][9], and substrates in the processes of regeneration/devulcanization [10,11] and pyrolysis [12].…”

Section: Iran Polymer Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ground tire rubber on structural, mechanical and thermal properties of flexible polyurethane foams

et al. 2014

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in the polyurethane/ground tire rubber foamed composites enhanced their cross-link density estimated from the swelling measurements. It was also confirmed by an increase of glass transition temperature measured by dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Addition of ground tire rubber to polyurethane foams had very positive influence on their thermal stability measured by the temperature corresponding to the 2 % mass loss during degradation of material. Modification increased initial degradation temperature even by 14 °C compared to a reference sample.

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“…Therefore, development of research projects focused on new methods of reclamation of GTR [20][21][22] requires better understanding of the impact of vulcanizing systems on the properties of the obtained products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of reclaimed ground tire rubber cured with various vulcanizing systems

et al. 2015

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Characterization and supercritical CO2 devulcanization of cryo-ground tire rubber: Influence of devulcanization process on reclaimed material

Cited by 85 publications

References 29 publications

Devulcanization of ground tire rubber: Physical and chemical changes after different microwave exposure times

Devulcanization of ground tire rubber: Physical and chemical changes after different microwave exposure times

Effect of ground tire rubber on structural, mechanical and thermal properties of flexible polyurethane foams

Curing characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of reclaimed ground tire rubber cured with various vulcanizing systems

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