Characterization and thermal degradation studies on polyaniline‐intercalated montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared by a solvent‐free mechanochemical route

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI)‐montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by direct intercalation of aniline molecules into MMT galleries, followed by in situ polymerization within the nano‐interlamellar spaces under solvent‐free conditions. The basal spacing of aniline‐intercalated MMT increased gradually up to 1.5 nm with increasing amounts of aniline loaded. This result suggests that aniline molecules were adsorbed by MMT clay and that intercalated aniline likely located perpendicular to the silicate sheets. After polymerization, X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of PANI chains between the MMT nano‐interlayers. The scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the surface morphologies of PANI–MMTs were strongly different depending on the PANI content. The electrical conductivities of PANI nanocomposite particles in pressed pellets ranged in the order of between 10−3 and 10−2 S/cm. UV–vis spectroscopy and doping level measurement were further used to discuss the conductivities of nanocomposites. The thermal stabilities of PANI–MMT nanocomposites were examined by using thermogravimetric‐differential thermal analysis and derivative thermogravimetric analysis, and both analyses consequently demonstrated the improved thermal stabilities of the PANI chains in the nanocomposites as compared to pure PANI. The thermal stabilities of resulting nanocomposites were strongly related to the PANI content, which increased as the PANI content decreased in the nanocomposites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2705–2714, 2005

Intercalated polyaniline–kaolinite nanocomposite prepared viain situmechanochemical synthesis

“…Interestingly, a weak absorption peak was observed around 430 nm in the UV–visible spectrum of the nanocomposite [Figure (b)], but it was not found in that of PANI [Figure (a)]. This peak was attributed to the p–π* transition of the quinonoid structure of PANI . Therefore, the content of quinonoid units or the oxidation degree of PANI in the nanocomposite was higher than that in the neat PANI; this was in good agreement with the Fourier transform infrared results.…”

Raman spectroscopy of conducting poly (methyl methacrylate)/polyaniline dodecylbenzenesulfonate blends

“…[12] Figure 4 compares the resonance Raman spectra of PAni.DBSA: PMMA blends with different proportion of PAni.DBSA in PMMA. It is possible to observe the intense overlapping bands at 1322 and 1337 cm −1 , corresponding to C N + •, stretching the modes of delocalized polaronic charge carriers, which is characteristic of the protonated imine form of polyaniline, and are present in all blends (Fig.…”

Maghnite-H+, An Eco-catalyst layered (Algerian Montmorillonite) for Synthesis of Polyaniline/Maghnite Nanocomposites

“…PAN has been used for electrode of light emitting diode [4], Li ion rechargeable battery [5] and corrosion protection [6].Among organic-inorganic nano-composite-sites, PANIMag nanocomposites are the most prevalent and interesting due to the special properties as well as wide uses of polyaniline [7], the nature, abundance, low cost of Mag and attractive features such as a large surface area and ionexchange properties [8]. Clay minerals especially the members of smectite group are the most suitable candidates for synthesis of polymer nano-composites, because these possess a unique structure and reactivity together with high strength.…”