Characterization of a Bacillus thuringiensis strain which is toxic to the housefly Musca domestica

Hodgman, T. C.; Zhou, Yu; Ming, Si-Chun; Sawyer, Trevor; Nicholls, C; Ellar, David J.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06544.x

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…When challenged with specific cry1 primers only, they produced six different profiles which were identical to those of standard strains as follows (Table 3) New toxic specificities may stem from new combinations of known genes, such as in the strains displaying profiles 9 and 10. For example, B. thuringiensis YBT-226 (14) produces Cry1Ab and Cry1Ba (toxic to Lepidoptera) as well as Cry2Aa (toxic to both Lepidoptera and Diptera). This strain is highly toxic to the common housefly, Musca domestica, despite the fact that the toxicity of Cry2Aa is low (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extended screening by PCR for seven cry-group genes from field-collected strains of Bacillus thuringiensis

Ben‐Dov

Zaritsky

Dahan

et al. 1997

Appl Environ Microbiol

240

110

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An extended multiplex PCR method was established to rapidly identify and classify Bacillus thuringiensis strains containing cry (crystal protein) genes toxic to species of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. The technique enriches current strategies and simplifies the initial stages of large-scale screening of cry genes by pinpointing isolates that contain specific genes or unique combinations of interest with potential insecticidal activities, thus facilitating subsequent toxicity assays. Five pairs of universal primers were designed to probe the highly conserved sequences and classify most (34 of about 60) genes known in the following groups: 20 cry1, 3 cry2, 4 cry3, 2 cry4, 2 cry7, and 3 cry8 genes. The DNA of each positive strain was probed with a set of specific primers designed for 20 of these genes and for cry11A. Twenty-two distinct cry-type profiles were identified from 126 field-collected B. thuringiensis strains. Several of them were found to be different from all published profiles. Some of the field-collected strains, but none of the 16 standard strains, were positive for cry2Ac. Three standard and 38 field-collected strains were positive by universal primers but negative by specific primers for all five known genes of cry7 and cry8. These field-collected strains seem to contain a new gene or genes that seem promising for biological control of insects and management of resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, B. thuringiensis YBT-226 (14) produces Cry1Ab and Cry1Ba (toxic to Lepidoptera) as well as Cry2Aa (toxic to both Lepidoptera and Diptera). This strain is highly toxic to the common housefly, Musca domestica, despite the fact that the toxicity of Cry2Aa is low (14). Table 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended screening by PCR for seven cry-group genes from field-collected strains of Bacillus thuringiensis

Ben‐Dov

Zaritsky

Dahan

et al. 1997

Appl Environ Microbiol

240

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A number of researchers (e.g., Johnson et al, 1998; Hodgman et al, 1993; McGaughey and Johnson, 1987) have identified numerous isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis as being toxic to house flies. Several experiments were conducted to determine if a biological agent was the cause of the toxicity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Ozonated Animal Manure to the House Fly, Musca domestica

et al. 2001

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Swine manure slurries were ozonated at a dosage of 1 g/L and tested for their toxicity to the house fly (Musca domestica). The observed toxicity of ozonated swine manure was consistent and independent of origin of the swine manure. A dose (dilution) response curve was performed. A 50% dilution in the ozonated swine manure slurry resulted in 90% reduction in toxicity. Neither the synthetic nor ozonated synthetic swine manure, both of which contained higher concentrations of formaldehyde and three other unidentified carbonyl compounds than the ozonated swine manure, were toxic to the flies. Ozonated swine manure slurry was centrifuged and passed through a 0.45-microm filter. The liquid phase was as toxic as the unfiltered slurry; as such, the toxicant appears to be present in liquid phase. Neither ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, nor other simple aldehydes appeared to be the toxic agent. The toxic agent appears to be a polar chemical compound and is concentrated in the urine. Several possible compounds have been identified. The toxicity of untreated and ozonated manure slurries from different livestock was compared. Six animal manure slurries (beef and dairy cattle, horse, poultry, sheep, and swine) were ozonated (dosage of 1 g/L) and tested for toxicity to the house fly. Ozonated dairy cattle manure slurry showed 78% mortality after 72 h, whereas ozonated swine manure slurry achieved a 100% mortality rate in 48 h. Neither the unozonated dairy nor swine manure slurries, nor any of the other raw or ozonated manure slurries, were toxic to the flies.

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“…6). Many lepidopteran species are sensitive to Cry1A, and dipteran A. aegypti and M. domestica are also sensitive to Cry1Ab but not to Cry3A (Hodgman, 1993; van Frankenhuyzen, 2009; Bravo et al ., 2013; Melo et al ., 2016). Cry3A is specific to coleopteran species such as T. castaneum , Anoplophora glabripennis and L. decemlineata (van Frankenhuyzen, 2009; Melo et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide identification and comparative analysis of Cry toxin receptor families in 7 insect species with a focus on Spodoptera litura

Mengge

Zhu

et al. 2021

Insect Science

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Cadherin, aminopeptidase N (APN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been characterized as Cry receptors. In this study, comparative genomic analysis of the 3 receptor families was performed in 7 insects. ALPs and APNs are divided into three and eight clades in phylogenetic trees, respectively. ALPs in clade 3 and APNs in clade 1 contain multiple paralogs within each species and most paralogs are located closely in chromosomes. Drosophila melanogaster has expanded APNs in clade 5 and were lowly expressed in midgut. Cadherins are divided into 16 clades; they may diverge before holometabolous insect speciation except for BtR and Cad89D‐like clades. Eight insects from different orders containing BtR orthologs are sensitive to Cry1A or Cry3A, while five species without BtR are insensitive to both toxins. Most APNs in clade 1, several ALPs in clade 3, BtR and Cad89D‐like genes were highly or moderately expressed in larval midgut of Spodoptera litura and the other six species, and several members in these clades have been identified as Cry receptors. Expressions of putative S. litura Cry receptors in the midgut after exposing to Bt toxins were also analyzed.

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Characterization of a Bacillus thuringiensis strain which is toxic to the housefly Musca domestica

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

Extended screening by PCR for seven cry-group genes from field-collected strains of Bacillus thuringiensis

Extended screening by PCR for seven cry-group genes from field-collected strains of Bacillus thuringiensis

Toxicity of Ozonated Animal Manure to the House Fly, Musca domestica

Genome‐wide identification and comparative analysis of Cry toxin receptor families in 7 insect species with a focus on Spodoptera litura

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