Characterization of a Developmentally Regulated Oocyst Protein From Eimeria Tenella

Fetterer, Raymond H.; Barfield, R. C.

doi:10.1645/ge-3159

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Eimeria are all USDA strains: E. acervulina (USDA #12 isolate), E. maxima (Tysons isolate) and E. tenella (Wampler isolate). Oocysts were maintained and isolated as previously described (Fetterer and Barfield, 2003). Broiler chickens were housed at the USDA-ARS facility (Beltsville, MD) from hatch and maintained coccidia-free in suspended wire cages.…”

Section: Eimeria Infection and Tissue Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters in Eimeria-challenged broilers

Miska²,

Fetterer

et al. 2015

Experimental Parasitology

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Section: Eimeria Infection and Tissue Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters in Eimeria-challenged broilers

Miska²,

Fetterer

et al. 2015

Experimental Parasitology

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“…Thus the objective of the current study was to compare the expression profiles of AvBD in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca of chickens following challenge with E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. Oocysts were maintained and isolated as previously described (Fetterer and Barfield, 2003). Broiler chickens were housed at the USDA-ARS facility (Beltsville, MD) from hatch and maintained coccidia-free in suspended wire cages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of host defense peptides in the intestine of Eimeria-challenged chickens

Dwyer

Miska³

et al. 2017

Poultry Science

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Avian coccidiosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan Eimeria, which produces intestinal lesions leading to weight gain depression. Current control methods include vaccination and anticoccidial drugs. An alternative approach involves modulating the immune system. The objective of this study was to profile the expression of host defense peptides such as avian beta-defensins (AvBDs) and liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), which are part of the innate immune system. The mRNA expression of AvBD family members 1, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, and 13 and LEAP2 was examined in chickens challenged with either E. acervulina, E. maxima, or E. tenella. The duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca were collected 7 d post challenge. In study 1, E. acervulina challenge resulted in down-regulation of AvBD1, AvBD6, AvBD10, AvBD11, AvBD12, and AvBD13 in the duodenum. E. maxima challenge caused down-regulation of AvBD6, AvBD10, and AvBD11 in the duodenum, down-regulation of AvBD10 in the jejunum, but upregulation of AvBD8 and AvBD13 in the ceca. E. tenella challenge showed no change in AvBD expression in any tissue. In study 2, which involved challenge with only E. maxima, there was down-regulation of AvBD1 in the ileum, AvBD11 in the jejunum and ileum, and LEAP2 in all 3 segments of the small intestine. The expression of LEAP2 was further examined by in situ hybridization in the jejunum of chickens from study 2. LEAP2 mRNA was expressed similarly in the enterocytes lining the villi, but not in the crypts of control and Eimeria challenged chickens. The lengths of the villi in the Eimeria challenged chickens were less than those in the control chickens, which may in part account for the observed down-regulation of LEAP2 mRNA quantified by PCR. Overall, the AvBD response to Eimeria challenge was not consistent; whereas LEAP2 was consistently down-regulated, which suggests that LEAP2 plays an important role in modulating an Eimeria infection.

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“…Only a few WFBII-localized glycoproteins have been characterized for E. tenella (10) and for E. maxima. They have been shown to undergo site-specific proteolysis before incorporation into the mature oocyst wall (1,3,4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Excystation of Eimeria tenella Sporozoites Impaired by Antibody Recognizing Gametocyte/Oocyst Antigens GAM22 and GAM56

et al. 2008

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Eimeria tenella is the causative agent of coccidiosis in poultry. Infection of the chicken intestine begins with ingestion of sporulated oocysts releasing sporocysts, which in turn release invasive sporozoites. The monoclonal antibody E2E5 recognizes wall-forming body type II (WFBII) in gametocytes and the WFBII-derived inner wall of oocysts. Here we describe that this antibody also binds to the stieda body of sporocysts and significantly impairs in vitro excystation of sporozoites. Using affinity chromatography and protein sequence analysis, E2E5 is shown to recognize EtGAM56, the E. tenella ortholog of the Eimeria maxima gametocyte-specific GAM56 protein. In addition, this antibody was used to screen a genomic phage display library presenting E. tenella antigens as fusion proteins with the gene VIII product on the surfaces of phagemid particles and identified the novel 22-kDa histidine-and proline-rich protein EtGAM22. The Etgam22 mRNA is expressed predominantly at the gametocyte stage, as detected by Northern blotting. Southern blot analysis in combination with data from the E. tenella genome project revealed that Etgam22 is an intronless multicopy gene, with approximately 12 to 22 copies in head-to-tail arrangement. Conspicuously, Etgam56 is also intronless and is localized adjacent to another gam56-like gene, Etgam59. Our data suggest that amplification is common for genes encoding oocyst wall proteins.Coccidiosis in poultry is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. Worldwide economic losses due to these parasites have been estimated to exceed 1.2 billion U.S. dollars per annum (41). The most virulent species is Eimeria tenella, causing severe hemorrhagic enteritis by infection of the epithelium and submucosa of the ceca and, eventually, death of infected chickens (24).Eimeria infections occur by ingestion of oocysts (24). In the intestine, oocysts release four sporocysts, each containing two sporozoites. After excystation, motile infective sporozoites actively enter cells in the epithelium of the cecum. Three rounds of asexual multiplication in the epithelium and submucosa are then followed by differentiation to sexual stages of micro-and macrogametocytes (23). After fertilization of macrogametes, a complex, two-layered wall is secreted around the young oocyst by exocytosis of wall-forming body type I and type II (WFBI and WFBII) (35). While the 10-nm-thick outer oocyst wall is built up by the contents of WFBI, the 90-nm inner oocyst wall is composed mainly of glycoproteins that were stored in WFBII (31, 37). The oocyst displays a remarkable rigidity and protects the parasite from several physically and chemically adverse influences, such as commonly used disinfectants (34). A potential use of gametocyte antigens involved in formation of the oocyst wall as protective transmission-blocking vaccines has been described for Eimeria maxima (2,4,25,(38)(39)(40)46).The formation of oocyst and sporocyst walls and sporozoite excystation are rather complex processes that we are just beginning to underst...

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Characterization of a Developmentally Regulated Oocyst Protein From Eimeria Tenella

Cited by 61 publications

References 23 publications

Expression of digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters in Eimeria-challenged broilers

Expression of digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters in Eimeria-challenged broilers

Expression of host defense peptides in the intestine of Eimeria-challenged chickens

Excystation of Eimeria tenella Sporozoites Impaired by Antibody Recognizing Gametocyte/Oocyst Antigens GAM22 and GAM56

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